let's hope time is as cruel to their authors as it was to their panglossian predecessors.

china, according to the panglossian scenario, will save the world by buying up all the goods cash-strapped americans can no longer afford.

按照过分乐观的设想，中国将买下现金紧缺的美国人不再负担得起的所有商品，从而拯救世界。

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that was far more optimistic than other forecasts at the time it was published, and quickly became laughably panglossian.

这远乐观于与其同期公布的其他机构的预测，很快成为了可笑的潘格洛斯。

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the panglossian view of globalisation, that it would automatically benefit all, has impeded the ability to address its failures.

盲目乐观的全球化观点认为，全球化会自动地让所有人受益，这种看法妨碍了解决其弊端的能力。

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more important than the specific suggestions is his willingness to move beyond the panglossian constraints of conventional economics.

比特定建议更重要的是他想超越传统经济学乐观限制的意愿。

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run a list of commands in a subshell

在Subshell中运行命令列表

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effects of relaxation induced by excitation (or ionization) of inner subshell electrons on the wave functions and transition probabilities

内壳层电子激发（电离）诱发的电子波函数的弛豫及其对辐射跃迁概率的影响

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in listing 9, for example, if the first rsync failed, then the subshell would just continue and run the next command.

例如，在清单9中，如果第一个rsync失败，则子外壳将继续运行下一个命令。

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listing 9 shows the same idea executed using a subshell.

清单9演示如何使用子shell执行相同的代码。

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because the subshell has so many uses, you might prefer to use it always instead of a combination or the back tick operators.

因为子Shell有许多用途，所以与组合或者反勾号操作符相比，您可能更喜欢使用它。

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by setting errexit, the subshell immediately terminates when the first command stops.

通过设置errexit，子外壳将直接在第一个命令停止时终止。

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finally, we'll add an arbitrary 30-second sleep to ensure the command sequence finishes after the two subshells do.

最后，我们添加任意30秒的休眠时间，确保两个subshell完成之后命令序列完成。

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the use of the brackets ensures the commands are grouped and executed in a subshell.

使用括号是保证此命令分在一个组中，并且在子shell中执行。

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the parentheses effectively execute the statements in a subshell.

圆括号让语句在一个子shell中执行。

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better yet, a subshell can contain another subshell, so expansions can be nested, too.

然而更有价值的是，子Shell可以包含另一个子Shell，所以还可以进行嵌套扩展。

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you can generally do this by running a list of commands in a subshell or by running a list of commands in the current shell.

您一般可以通过在某个Subshell中运行一个命令列表或通过在当前Shell中运行一个命令列表来实现此目的。

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finally, the back quotes both interpret the variable and run the intermediate result as a subshell.

最后，反撇号解释变量并作为子shell运行中间结果。

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the parenthesized series of commands is called a subshell.

命令中带圆括号的部分称为subshell。

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because the subshell is followed by a pipe, all the output of the subshell is sent to the next command in the pipeline.

因为subshell后面跟着管道，所以subshell的所有输出都通过管道传输给了下一个命令。

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here, the subshell command du -sh work | cut -f1 yields the total size of the work directory in a format compatible with pv.

在这里，子shell命令du-shwork|cut-f1以与pv兼容的格式生成工作目录的总大小。

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the series of commands collected in parentheses runs in a subshell and does not affect the state of the current shell.

在圆括号中的系列命令将在一个子Shell中运行，并且不会对当前Shell的状态产生影响。

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