Haemophilus parasuis ( H. parasuis) that belongs to the Pasteurellaceae family is a Gram-negative, nonhemolytic, NAD-dependent bacterium.

Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) is a toxic component of cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and is widely present in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.

脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）是革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁组成成分，也是革兰氏阴性菌被人类和其他动物消化后释放的毒性成分，广泛存在于消化道中。

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Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS), a component of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent activator of macrophages and a major inducer of endotoxin shock.

脂多糖（1ipopolysaccharide，LPS）是革兰氏阴性菌外膜的主要成分，能够强烈激活巨噬细胞，是引起内毒素性休克的主要原因。

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Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS, endotoxin)-the essential pathogenetic component of gram-negative bacterium-was injected into artery. LPS reached brain tissue and caused pathological change.

本实验将革兰氏阴性菌的主要致病成分一一脂多糖（Lipopolysaccharide，LPS）即内毒素（endotoxin）注入实验动物动脉血流，使其到达脑组织，引起病理改变。

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CD14 is a receptor of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) of gram negative bacteria and expresses on membrane surface of phagocytes.

CD14作为革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁脂多糖的受体，表达在吞噬细胞膜表面上。

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Results The incidence of nosocomial urinary tract infection was 8.37% in patients with PM and DM. The main pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli ( 76.19%).

结果所有PM和DM患者中发生医院尿路感染者共21例（8.37%），感染菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主（76.19%）。

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Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis cells after treatment with silver ions were imaged in ambient air with a tapping mode AFM.

利用AFM大气氛中轻敲模式对银离子作用革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性菌表皮葡萄球菌进行了表征。

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In human, Gram-negative bacterial infections are recognized as the cause of preterm delivery and intrauterine fetal death ( IUFD).

革兰氏阴性菌感染是导致孕妇早产和胎儿宫内死亡（intrauterine fetal death，IUFD）的重要原因之一。

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Chloramphenicol ( CAP) is the first artificial broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

氯霉素（Chloramphenicol，CAP）是第一个人工合成的广谱抗生素，对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均有抑制作用。

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In recent years, the relationship among atherosclerosis, Gram-negative bacteria and lipopolysaccharide has become a research hotspot.

近年来，革兰氏阴性菌感染与革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁重要成分脂多糖（LPS）与AS的关系成为研究的热点。

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Lipopolysaccharide is produced by gram-negative bacteria, which can lead to kidney injury directly or indirectly.

内毒素脂多糖（LPS）是由革兰氏阴性菌所产生，可直接或间接导致肾脏的损伤。

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Conclusions: There was a typical as well as special structure existed in Pm.

结论：Pm具有典型的革兰氏阴性菌结构，又含有其独特的外膜成份。

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There are evidences that several Gram-negative bacterial strains use their core LPS to interact with C-type lectin receptor.

由于近来发现的C型凝集素受体与某些革兰氏阴性菌的核心脂多糖（核心LPS）有作用。

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Conclusion VAP is caused predominantly by gram-negative bacteria, and appear multiple antibiotic pathogens.

结论VAP的病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主，且致病菌出现多重耐药性。

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Outer membrane proteins ( Omps) are the whole proteins in the Outer membrane, one of specific structure in Gram-negative bacteria.

外膜（Outer membrane）是革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁中的特有结构，位于外膜上的蛋白总称为外膜蛋白（outer membrane proteins，Omps）。

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When this falls below a certain level, treatment switches to second-line ARVs.

当它低于某一水平的时候，治疗就转而采用二线抗逆转录病毒药物。

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Take the example of antiretrovirals for HIV.

以治疗艾滋病的抗逆转录病毒药物为例。

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These plans are a first step toward rapidly scaling up ART access.

这些计划是实现迅速扩大抗逆转录病毒药物获得的第一步。

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Antiretroviral drugs are used in the treatment and prevention of HIV infection.

抗逆转录病毒药物用于治疗和预防艾滋病毒感染。

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She was one of the fortunate ones-she had access to antiretrovirals.

她是幸运者中的一员-她能获得抗逆转录病毒药物。

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Analysis of the Efficacy of Highly Active Antiretroviral Use of Local Drug

国产仿制抗逆转录病毒药物疗效分析

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