firstly, it starts from the principles of liabilities, remedies for breach of contract, to lay theoretical basis of compensatory damages for breach of contract.

the author made an intensive study of legislation enactments on this kind of compensatory damages in some countries, and summed up three patterns of criminal compensatory damages.

笔者对部分国家就该类损害赔偿问题的立法实践进行了深入研究，并总结出刑事损害赔偿的三种模式。

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this section first discusses the concept of punitive damages and characteristics, followed by analysis with compensatory damages, moral damages, fines or penalties systems of relationships.

该部分首先探讨了惩罚性损害赔偿的概念和特征，接下来分析了它与补偿性损害赔偿、精神损害赔偿、罚款或者罚金等制度的关系。

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although compensatory damages is sanctionative, it is limited by the factual damages of victims when confirming concrete damages amounts.

尽管补偿性的赔偿责任也具有制裁性，但在确定具体赔偿数额时仍以被害人的实际损失为限。

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trade secrets punitive damages system is one of the important system of trade secrets infringement relief, and compensatory damages corresponding to a damage compensation system.

商业秘密惩罚性赔偿制度是商业秘密侵权救济的重要制度之一，是与补偿性赔偿相对应的一种损害赔偿制度。

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there are two types of damages in american patent infringement, compensatory damages and punitive damages, the former is the general principle.

美国专利侵权的损害赔偿包括补偿性赔偿和惩罚性赔偿两种，其中补偿性赔偿是赔偿的一般性原则。

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according to contract law, compensatory damages is a kind of liability which is resulted from non-performance and/ or improper performance.

在合同法上，损害赔偿是由合同债务未得到履行或未完全履行而产生的法律责任。

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according to the basic concept of compensation damages, both tort liability and the liability of breach of contract are compensatory damages.

依传统民事损害赔偿的基本理念，无论是侵权责任或是违约责任，都是一种补偿性的赔偿责任。

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in the second section, the author has jurisprudence analysis of compensatory damages, points out the limitations of compensatory damages.

在第二小部分中，笔者进行了传统民事侵权赔偿的法理分析，指出了民事侵权赔偿适用垄断损害的局限性。

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this question includes the property and functions of the punitive damages system and the problem that whether the system conflicts with the compensatory damages system.

该问题涉及惩罚性赔偿制度的性质与功能，同时涉及到该制度是否与填补性赔偿制度相冲突；

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legal application for the system of damages is applied widely in common law, compared to traditional civil system of compensatory damages.

惩罚性损害赔偿制度是相对于传统的补偿性损害赔偿制度而言的，它是英美法中广泛认可的一种法律制度。

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compensatory damages can only compensate for loss which can be calculated.

补偿性赔偿只能应对可以确定、可以计算的损失，而垄断损失的计算在很多时候都是难以确定的。

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she was also awarded nearly 17 million dollars in compensatory damages.

另外，罗宾逊还获得了近1700万美元的补偿性赔偿。

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article 32 breach of contract damages and compensatory damages shall be paid within ten days after liability is clearly established, or else the matter shall be handled as an overdue payment.

第三十一条违约金、赔偿金应在明确责任后十天内偿付。否则按逾期付款处理。

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the british pay attention to the effectiveness of the non-compete clause itself, pay attention to the protection of public interests.

英国注重竞业限制条款本身的合理有效，注重对公共利益的保护。

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the sales contract has a non-compete clause.

销售合同有非竞争条款。

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there are no studies and the painting is undated and unsigned. an arbitrator who has a dissenting opinion may sign or not sign his name on the arbitral award.

没有试画，画上没有署明日期，也没有署名字。持有不同意见的仲裁员可以在裁决书上署名，也可以不署名。

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a director who can prove that he expressed a dissenting opinion during the vote and whose negative vote is recorded in the minutes of the board meeting may be exempted from liability.

对经证明在表决时曾表明异议并记载于会议记录的投反对票的董事，可以免除责任；

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listen to and fully understand the point of view of the person expressing a dissenting opinion, especially if that person is the sole voice in the room.

聆听并充分理解异见者的想法，特别是如果他/她是屋子里唯一的反对声音。

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adjudication is free appreciation of judges, it is the concentrated expression of the meaning that dissenting opinion was published in the criminal jurisdiction.

裁判是法官行使自由裁量权的行为，在刑事裁判中发表反对意见正是这种意思表示的集中体现。

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an arbitrator who has a dissenting opinion may sign or not sign his name on the arbitral award.

持有不同意见的仲裁员可以在裁决书上署名，也可以不署名。

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