d-shaped steel girder used for strengthening existing railway over which jacking of a grade separation bridge underway

with building of a fictitious grade separation bridge on freeway, the paper introduces the turner design for pla. . .

本文以一假想高速公路立交桥的建设，介绍平面转体桥梁的转体设计和施工控制。

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this article described three approaches to implementing a surrogate key as primary key.

本文描述了实现作为主键的代理键的三种方法。

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you've also identified the id column as the table's primary key.

还将ID列标识为表的主键。

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each table has an id field that serves as the primary key.

每个表有一个用作主键的id字段。

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the first column ( id) is the primary key of the table.

第一列（ID）是此表的主键。

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this happens when no primary key is defined.

即使没有定义主键，这种操作也会发生。

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setting a field as the primary key automatically defines the field as unique.

将字段设为主键会自动将字段定义成唯一的。

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this field isn't unique, so you can't use it as the primary key.

该字段不是唯一的，所以不能用作主关键字。

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an entity class needs a primary key.

Entity类需要一个主键。

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automatic primary key and unknown primary key generation

自动生成主键和未知的主键

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the fourth implementation uses a sequence to generate a primary key.

用一个序列产生一个关键字。

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table doesn't have a primary key.

料表有主索引。

provided by jukuu

the primary key should also have an@ id annotation.

主键也应该有一个@ID注释。

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database watermarking algorithm based on virtual primary key

一种基于虚拟主键的数据库水印算法

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choose the cells to be linked to the primary key fields.

选择要链接到主关键字字段的单元格。

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there is already a primary key in this table's key collection.

该表的关键字集中已有一个主关键字。

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the research on the relational database watermarking based on the virtual primary key

基于虚拟主键的数据库水印技术研究

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make sure each table has a primary key.

确保每个表都有一个主键。

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the target table must have a primary key.

目标表必须有一个主键。

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research of ejb ′ s primary key generation strategies based on design patterns

基于设计模式的EJB主键生成策略的研究

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