culm sheath apically papery, drying but not split on culm, blade broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, leaflike.

rachis usually tough except apically, margin scabrous hairy.

除顶部之外通常坚韧的轴，边粗糙有毛。

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anthers connivent in pairs, locules often apically confluent.

花药靠合成对，子房室通常汇合。

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fruit a nut, perigone persistent, base turbinate or obovoid, angled or winged, mostly with 4 rows of ornaments, often apically as horns.

果为一坚果，宿存的花被，基部陀螺状或倒卵球形，有棱或具翅，多数具4排装饰，通常顶部作为角状突起。

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stems erect, branched near base or unbranched, rarely branched apically.

茎直立，分枝近基部或，很少分枝顶部。

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fruit a nut, perigone persistent, base turbinate or obovoid, angled or winged, mostly with 4 rows of ornaments, often apically as horns.

果为一坚果，宿存的花被，基部陀螺状或倒卵球形，有棱或具翅，多数具4排装饰，通常顶部作为角状突起。

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stems erect, branched near base or unbranched, rarely branched apically.

茎直立，分枝近基部或，很少分枝顶部。

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stem erect or ascending from base, succulent, with dense spreading hairs apically.

茎直立或上升自基部，肉质植物，具紧密的平展毛。

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culm sheath apically leathery, drying and splitting on culm, blade tiny, drying when young.

竿箨顶部似皮革，弄干和在秆上裂开，叶片极小，幼时弄干。

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petals white, broadly ovate, base cuneate to shortly clawed, margin apically erose.

花瓣白色，宽卵形，基部楔形在短爪，顶部啮蚀状的边缘。

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lobes short, margin usually entire or rep and, rarely few serrate, lateral lobes acute apically.

裂片短，全缘的边缘通常或，锐尖的很少很少有锯齿，侧裂片。

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stems several together, erect or ascending, often branched apically.

一同的茎数个，顶部的直立或上升，通常分枝。

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terminal buds conical, glabrous, apically acute, bud scales ciliate.

顶芽圆锥状，无毛，顶部锐尖，芽鳞具缘毛。

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bark at base of trunk gray to black, fibrous and subtessellated, and persistent, apically grayish green, smooth, and exfoliating.

树皮在树干基部灰色到黑色，纤维状和近棋盘形，并且宿存，顶部灰绿色，平滑，和剥落。

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bark at base of trunk rough and flaky, apically silvery white, smooth, and gradually exfoliating.

粗糙和片状的树皮在树干基部，顶部银白色，平滑，和逐渐剥落。

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rhizomes dark red-brown, usually apical part erect, apically becoming a thickened caudex.

根状茎暗红色棕色，顶部通常直立，一加厚的块根。

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leaf blade adaxially with a broad whitish ring; stipules apically acute.

叶片正面具一枚宽的带白色戒指；托叶顶部厉害。

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corolla purplish, tube distinctly widened apically, 3-6 cm; stamens and style scarcely exserted or not.

略带紫色的花冠，筒部清楚加宽顶部，3-6厘米；几乎不外露的雄蕊和花柱与否。

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galea lacking marginal teeth, forming a very short obtuse beak apically.

盔瓣缺乏边缘牙齿，形成一非常短愚蠢喙顶部。

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corolla purple-red to blue, to 1. 6 cm. style slender, apically cylindric, pubescent, with a membranous auricle on both sides.

花冠紫红色到蓝色，在1.6厘米花柱纤细，顶部圆筒状，短柔毛，具一膜质叶耳两面。

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fruit blackish purple, globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. , apically with a persistent calyx rim.

果微黑的紫色，球状，直径约3毫米，顶部由于一持久的花萼凸缘。

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