secondly, i mainly discuss some theoretical issues of mortgage system of right of land use including the mortgage subject, object, effects, registration and realization of right of land use;

this paper is aimed for the purpose of agricultural development and seeking for guarantee in laws and systems to improve the farmers' income, specifically, establishing collective land usufruct mortgage system.

文章写作的目的就是为了发展农业，提高农民收入寻求法律制度上的保障，具体而言完善集体土地用益物权抵押制度就是其中一项重要举措。

互联网摘选

It is the most important principle in handling the mortgage right of land and house property of state enterprise in experimental cities to arrange workers and safeguard the workers' interests.

安置职工和维护职工的权益，是在处理试点城市国有企业的土地和房产抵押权时的首要原则；

互联网摘选

this paper tried to distinguish the difference between collective land use and distributed land use in mortgage and proposed a stricter control of land use right registration.

本文主要结合我国土地使用权抵押的现实，界定划拨土地使用权和集体土地使用权抵押的范围，并对完善土地使用权登记手续提出看法。

互联网摘选

finally, it introduces various reasons for objecting collective land usufruct mortgage, including land security theory and administrative theory and analyzes and refutes these reasons.

最后，介绍了现在反对集体土地用益物权抵押的种种理由，包括土地保障论、行政成本论等，并对这些理由进行了分析和批驳。

互联网摘选

chinese laws on the mortgage of land use rights have different terms according to land ownership and ways of the land requirement.

我国法律对土地使用权抵押因其权属和取得方式不同而制定不同法律规定。

互联网摘选

first, dualization mode is adopted for the collective land usufruct mortgage system in litigation.

首先，立法上对集体土地用益物权抵押制度采取了二元化模式。

互联网摘选

the first part discusses the current situation and problems of collective land usufruct mortgage system.

第一部分探讨集体土地用益物权抵押制度的现状及问题。

互联网摘选

the experience, reference and inspiration of foreign rural land use right mortgage

国外农村土地使用权抵押的经验借鉴及启示

互联网摘选

not being allowed to borrow directly, many of them set up companies to borrow on their behalf, using land as collateral.

由于不可以直接从银行贷款，地方政府成立融资平台代表自己以土地作抵押从银行获得贷款。

互联网摘选

the construction of financial business for rural land, which is characteristic in land mortgage, is of a great significance on optimizing rural land resource and developing agriculture.

以土地抵押为特征的农村土地金融业务的构建，对优化配置和合理利用农地资源，促进农业发展有重要的现实意义。

互联网摘选

a mortgage of old system land involves the mortgagor ( the owner of the land) transferring title in the land to the mortgagee ( the lender).

旧制度下的土地抵押，抵押人（土地所有人）要向押权人（出借人）转让地契。

互联网摘选

second, through analysis based on models and methods of foreign land mortgage, to find out some of our country can learn from the advanced experience.

其次，通过对国外土地抵押融资模式和方法的分析基础上，找出了一些我国可以学习和借鉴的先进经验。

互联网摘选

then at the proper time, the early national finance should give up the cooperative land mortgage and divestment totally, to reach the privatization of government-run.

稳定下来后，先期投入的国有资金可以逐步退出，出让给土地抵押合作社，最终国有资金完全退出，达到官办民营化的目标。

互联网摘选

the purpose of the paper is to study the identification standard, causes and countermeasures of financial risks in land mortgage loans.

研究目的：探讨土地抵押融资风险的识别标准、产生原因和防范措施。

互联网摘选

plus, commercial banks should also examine the land mortgage rate and grant credit with an appropriate percentage, avoiding over-credit.

此外，要严格把握土地抵押率，按比例发放贷款，严防过度授信；

互联网摘选

land mortgage right and land lease right are the two generally accepted hetero-property rights on land now.

目前得到普遍认可的是土地抵押权和土地租赁权。

互联网摘选

land mortgage, bank loans and financial risks: theoretical, empirical and policy analysis

土地抵押、银行信贷与金融风险：理论、实证与政策分析

互联网摘选

The Reflection and Restructuring of Equity Interest Mortgage System: The system value oriented research

股权质押制度的反思与重构&以制度价值为中心的考察

互联网摘选

The U.S. promulgated Home Equity Conversion Mortgage, Canada launched the Canadian Housing Income Plan, Australia carried out Reverse Annuity Mortgage loans, the British have a Home Income Plan and so on.

美国有住房价值转换抵押贷款，加拿大推出了加拿大人住房收入计划，澳大利亚开展逆向年金抵押贷、英国有家庭收入计划等等。

互联网摘选

For example, the difference on the passiveness distinguishes the Equity, Mortgage and Hybrid REIT.

例如，被动性的差异，决定了权益型、抵押型与混合型房地产投资信托的分野。

互联网摘选