the purpose of the paper is to study the identification standard, causes and countermeasures of financial risks in land mortgage loans.

plus, commercial banks should also examine the land mortgage rate and grant credit with an appropriate percentage, avoiding over-credit.

此外，要严格把握土地抵押率，按比例发放贷款，严防过度授信；

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land mortgage right and land lease right are the two generally accepted hetero-property rights on land now.

目前得到普遍认可的是土地抵押权和土地租赁权。

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land mortgage, bank loans and financial risks: theoretical, empirical and policy analysis

土地抵押、银行信贷与金融风险：理论、实证与政策分析

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The Reflection and Restructuring of Equity Interest Mortgage System: The system value oriented research

股权质押制度的反思与重构&以制度价值为中心的考察

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The U.S. promulgated Home Equity Conversion Mortgage, Canada launched the Canadian Housing Income Plan, Australia carried out Reverse Annuity Mortgage loans, the British have a Home Income Plan and so on.

美国有住房价值转换抵押贷款，加拿大推出了加拿大人住房收入计划，澳大利亚开展逆向年金抵押贷、英国有家庭收入计划等等。

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For example, the difference on the passiveness distinguishes the Equity, Mortgage and Hybrid REIT.

例如，被动性的差异，决定了权益型、抵押型与混合型房地产投资信托的分野。

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First, Equity mortgage contract.

股权质押合同。

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REITs, investing in the form of real property equity and mortgage asset, provide the real estate market with capital offering and are dedicated to long-term investment to purse steady returns and to insure capital increments.

房地产投资基金直接面向房地产市场的资金供给，以拥有房地产权益和进行房地产抵押贷款为主要投资形式，致力于长期投资，追求稳定的收益和资产保值增值。

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Combined with foreign legislative experience, it elaborates on the technical measures for protection of broadcasting organizations and rights management information and reveals the practical significance of the protection of broadcasting organizations in the network environment.

结合国外相关立法经验，阐述了广播组织的技术措施保护和权利管理信息保护两方面内容，揭示了网络环境下保护广播组织权的现实意义。

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Interests Balance is an important basic principle of copyright law, which gives the sanction to The Right of Broadcasting Organization as well.

利益平衡原则是著作权法中一个重要的基本原则，它对广播组织权同样具有约束力。

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The third part is the practice of the international community on the protection of broadcasting organizations.

第三部分是国际社会关于广播组织权保护的实践。

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It presents the range of subject by starting from the rights' concepts and types in traditional broadcasting organizations.

先从传统广播组织的概念和类型两方面入手，介绍了传统环境下广播组织权的主体范围。

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Therefore, this dissertation attempts to improve our Right of Broadcasting Organization by learning the international conventions and relevant legislation abroad.

因此，本文将借鉴国际条约的最新规定及国外相关立法，尝试对我国广播组织权的完善做出一些建议。

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It relies on private donations and revenue from selling broadcasting rights.

该基金会的经营依靠私人捐赠以及广播权的销售收入。

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Subsequently, it discusses the main content of the right system of broadcasting organizations.

随后，论述了广播组织权制度的主要内容。

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Specific ideas of the right of communication integration: the creation of a parallel with the right of reproduction and distribution rights-the right of communication, not included in the legal protection of network communication and Webcast to integrate into the broadcasting rights.

传播权整合的具体思路为：设立一个与复制权和发行权平行的总权利&传播权，将未纳入法律保护的网络广播和网络直播整合入广播权。

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International comparison of social legislation in the protection of broadcasting organizations, as well as the western countries in the protection of the right of broadcasting organization to practice the work and thinking.

主要是国际社会在广播组织权保护方面的立法比较，以及西方国家在广播组织权保护方面的实践工作和思考。

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The third part is the content of rights of broadcasting organizations in the network environment.

第三部分为网络环境下广播组织权内容。

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Although webcasting is a new way of broadcasting, we cannot hastily draw it into the scope of the protection of the rights of broadcasting organization.

虽然网播是一种新的广播方式，但我们不能轻易地将其纳入广播组织权保护范围。

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The Right of Broadcasting Organization, which belongs to the copyright law, was born in the fourth stage of information-transmitting revolution period.

广播组织权诞生于第四次传播技术革命时期，属于著作权法范畴。

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