the experimental result shows that the method achieves high precision in ultrasonic liquid level measurement and solves the contradiction of coherence and precision.

by using the deducted intermediate value theorem, an effective methods of getting approximate solutions to equations of the same class, in which the absolute error is 0.1 m ( m ∈ n), is obtained.

利用推广的介值定理，得到了求一类方程绝对误差为0.1m（m∈N）的近似解的一种行之有效的方法。

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the experiment indicates that the errors can be controlled in the range of 0-5 mm, thus meeting the requirement for positioning of robots harvesting fruits.

实验结果表明，绝对误差可以控制在0～5mm之间，达到了收获机器人定位精度的要求。

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the linear and nonlinear evolutions of initial perturbations in lorenz system are investigated. according to the nonlinear evolution of initial perturbations, the relative and absolute errors of the perturbation development are computed.

采用Lorenz方程组研究了非线性系统扰动发展的线性估计和非线性估计，基于扰动的非线性发展计算了系统扰动线性发展的相对误差和绝对误差。

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test of standard grating demonstrates that the system absolute error is less than 5 microns. this shows that the system is stable and reliable, and has a good consistency.

标准光栅的测试验证，系统绝对误差小于5m，表明该系统稳定可靠，一致性好。

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the practical application indicates that its absolute error in depth prediction is less than 2 meters, which means it can be used to precisely predict the coring horizon at well site.

该方法具有需要数据少、预测速度快和准确度高的特点，实际应用表明，深度预测的绝对误差小于2m，可用于现场钻井取心卡准层位的精确预报。

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in this paper, the adaptive processing of the structuring element in complex ranked-order morphological filtering is implemented under the criterion of minimizing the mean absolute error ( mae).

在最小平均绝对误差（MAE）准则下，实现了复合顺序形态滤波的结构元素自适应处理。

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then, on the simulated images the thesis uses absolute error and relative error calculation method. compared with the least squares algorithm, the presented using l1 norm measure has small error.

同时，论文利用绝对误差和相对误差的计算方式，在模拟图像上，比较了本文算法采用的L1模度量和最小二乘算法，分析表明采用的L1模度量算法误差较小。

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then an optimized tuning of pid parameter was carried out using optimized method of many variables with no restriction based on the target of integral of time multiplied absolute error ( itae).

在此基础上采用单纯形法对PID参数进行基于时间乘绝对误差积分（ITAE）指标的最优整定。

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due to the limitation of single forecasting model, the minimum sum of squared errors combined forecasting model, the minimum absolute errors combined forecasting model and back-propagation neural network ensemble forecasting model were imported for further analysis and forecast of mineral prices.

因单一预测模型本身具有局限性，然后引入最小误差平方和组合预测模型、最小绝对误差和组合预测模型及BP神经网络组合预测模型这三个组合预测模型进一步进行矿产品价格分析预测。

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the results show that these methods gain the similar denudation thickness with absolute error less than 50m, and relative error limited in 20%.

对比结果表明，两者剥蚀厚度的估算结果相近，绝对误差最大不超过50m，相对误差在20%以内。

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it is exemplified that the mean absolute error of the estimation results via wnn network as proposed is 0.425%, while that via bp network is up to 3.1%.

实例分析表明，提出的WNN网络的评价绝对误差平均为0.425%，而BP网络评价绝对误差平均为3.1%。

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a modified summed absolute difference ( sad) criterion was used for motion estimation of the top level, which could smooth the motion vector field and resulted in an improvement of estimation accuracy.

在顶层进行匹配误差计算时采用修正累计绝对误差（SAD）准则，平滑了矢量场，并进一步提高了运动估计的准确性。

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in comparison with bp method and rbf method, the svm method is proved to be the best in terms of absolute error 、 relative error 、 correlation coefficient and variance.

模拟结果与BP网络方法、RBF网络方法相比，在绝对误差、相对误差、相关系数以及数据方差方面都是较优的。

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the result of stibium electrode's determining ph values of two standard buffer fluid in laboratory showed that the maximum absolute error was 0.23 when temperature went below 60 ℃ and 0.46 when 70 ℃.

室内实验中锑电极测定两种标准缓冲液的pH值，当温度小于60℃时，最大绝对误差为0.23；温度为70℃时为0.46。

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the relative standard deviation of chlorine and sulfur are 0.22% and 0.36% respectively, the maximal absolute deviation are 0.43% and 0.80%.

Cl、S的相对标准偏差分别为0.22%和0.36%，最大绝对误差分别为0.43%和0.80%。

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absolute error and relative approximation were used as estimated indexes of semblance between testing qrs complex and sinus heart rhythm model.

用待测波形与模板的绝对误差和相对近似值作为QRS波群的评价指标。

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by using the integral criterion of time multiplies the absolute error, we design the linear 1-stage inverted pendulum pid controller.

利用时间乘以绝对误差积分准则，设计了直线一级倒立摆的PID控制器。

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for hygromycin resistant calli, the absolute and relative transformation frequencies were 4.1 × 10-4 and 1%-3% respectively. then, the resistant calli were transferred onto differentiation medium for shoot induction.

对于潮霉素抗性愈伤组织，其绝对和相对转化频率分别为4.1×10~（-4）和1%～3%，在分化培养基上，抗性愈伤组织能够分化出芽。

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we calculated absolute numbers and frequencies, given as percentages, as well as predominance of the dermoscopic types of naevi in the different age groups.

作者计算不同年龄组黑色素细胞痣的绝对数和发生频率（后者用百分率表示），以及痣皮肤镜检查的显著型。

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new frequency criterion for absolute stability

绝对稳定性的新频率准则

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