only this course of action can lead to sustainable growth as opposed to short-term volatile bursts or long-term economic decline.

but if demographic decline is not generally a consequence of economic decline, surely it must be a cause?

但是如果人口衰退步不是一般意义上的经济衰退所导致的后果，那么它确切的说一定是它的一个原因吗？

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first, the existence of the gold standard helps to explain why the world economic decline was both deep and broadly international.

有了对国际金本位系统的认识，学者们就可以回答我稍前带出的问题。首先，金本位的存在解释了经济衰退的影响如此广泛。

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relative economic decline is probably inevitable against asia excluding japan because developing countries have the benefit of catch-up growth.

美国经济相对亚洲国家（日本除外）的下滑可能是不可避免的，因为发展中国家享受着追赶性增长的益处。

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nor need demographic decline imply economic decline.

由人口的减少来推断经济的衰退是没有必要的。

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but since this has not yet led to a clear economic decline, people pay little attention.

但由于经济并未明显衰退，因此没有引起人们的注意。

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he said america is helping the iraqi government reverse decades of economic decline.

布什说，美国正在帮助伊拉克政府扭转持续了几十年的经济下滑趋势。

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economic decline in the proportion of housing investment in the government or developers responsible?

经济适用房投资比重下降责任在政府还是开发商？

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only when environmental deterioration or resource depletion translates into economic decline do we seem to notice the problem.

只有当环境恶化或资源的枯竭导致经济衰退时，我们似乎才注意到这个问题。

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even without the startling chinese scores, the latest findings upend some traditional notions about education and should give pause for thought to policy makers everywhere.

撇开中国的惊人成绩不谈，最新的调查结果也颠覆了一些传统的教育观念，全世界的政策制订者都应该静下心来进行认真的反思。

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with a little help from demography, the visceral desire for individual freedom and human dignity has upended once impregnable regimes.

这些民众内心深处对个人自由和人类尊严的渴望，推翻了曾经坚不可摧的政权&在这方面，人口结构也起到了少许积极作用。

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to what extent it is capable of leveraging these powers to upend western hegemony of technology is a truly fascinating question.

中国会在什么程度上利用这些力量来推翻西方的技术霸权，这确实是一个引人遐思的问题。

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an ascendant economic power pushes the world to use its currency rather than the main international coinage, eventually upending decades of monetary world order.

有这样一个故事：一个崛起的大国历经多年的努力，终于凭藉傲人的经济实力为本国货币赢得国际货币的地位，并一举颠覆了数十年来一成不变的货币秩序。

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dividend investors traditionally have favored financial stocks, which had raised payouts relatively consistently before recent crises upended the sector.

股息投资者往往青睐金融类股票。在金融危机席卷这个行业之前，这类公司通常会持续增加派息。

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some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。

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reason 3: tesla has upended the auto industry on a relatively shoestring budget. apple has nearly limitless financial resources.

理由三：特斯拉仅用较小的预算就颠覆了汽车行业，而苹果拥有源源不断的资金支持。

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recent studies using new experimental tools are upending the old belief that a person's appetite for risk is mostly inborn and unchanging.

虽然传统观念认为，一个人的风险偏好在很大程度上是与生俱来并且一成不变的，但是通过运用最新的实验工具，近期的研究正在着颠覆这一观念。

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fortunately, there is scant evidence to support the idea of a global chinese effort to upend the international order.

幸运的是，并没有足够的证据表明中国在试图颠覆国际秩序。

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with technological change now constantly upending business models, however, visionary leaders are calling the shots instead.

但随着技术变革不断颠覆商业模式，有远见的领导人开始取而代之，发号施令。

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once passed, farmers upend their urns into a huge metal trough.

一旦检测过关，奶农就把桶里的牛奶倒进一个大金属槽里。

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can south africa draw upon the energy of a frenzied nation to upend mexico?

本届的南非首战，东道主会不会一发激情澎湃的民族狂野之猛，将墨西哥掀翻在地？

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