But these oddballs are nothing compared with what astronomers are seeing with six newly discovered planets known as hot Jupiters.

If hot Jupiters formed through PPS, their original moons have little chance to survive. 3.

如果热木星是通过散射机制形成的，它们的原生卫星存在的机会很小。

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During this period of irregularity, which may have lasted millions of years, any rocky inner world sitting in the path of the hot Jupiter and its new orbit would have been obliterated.

这种不规则的时期可能已经持续了几百万年，在此期间，位于热木星原有轨道以及新轨道上的任何系内的岩石行星都有可能已遭毁灭。

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Rocky planets would form nearest the parent star, with gas giants farther out.

石质行星会在靠近起源恒星的区域形成，而气态的巨行星在外围形成。

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There are nine solar system bodies with atmospheres thick enough to matter: Earth-obviously-Mars, Venus, the four gas giants, Saturn's moon Titan, and the Sun. Let's take a closer look at what would happen to a plane on each one.

太阳系有9颗星球有足够浓密的大气：地球——显而易见——还有火星、金星、四大气态巨行星、土星的卫星泰坦，还有太阳。现在让我们仔细分析下在这些星球上分别会发生什么。

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The dynamics of really huge rocky planets aren't often analyzed, since there's no obvious way that they could form; anything that large will have enough gravity to gather hydrogen and helium during planet formation and become a gas giant.

很少有人会去研究那些超大型的岩石行星的动力学，因为它们很难形成：任何这么大的东西在形成过程中都足以吸引大量的氢和氦，从而变成一颗气态巨行星。

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The problem is that most of the exoplanets detected to date, being gas giants, are too close to their stars to have been born there.

问题是，迄今观测到的大部分外部行星气态巨行星，太靠近他们的起源恒星，不可能在那里诞生。

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Dr. Morbidelli said a possible ninth planet could be the core of a gas giant that started forming during the infancy of the solar system;

莫比德利表示，可能存在的第九大行星，也许是一个气态巨行星的核心，自太阳系初期就开始形成；

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Mars will follow the gas giant's solo debut, appearing as a reddish dot at approximately 1:11 a.m. E.S.T. Wednesday.

继木星这颗气态巨行星之后，火星将在东部夏令时间周三凌晨1点11分左右出现。人们看到的火星将是一个略带红色的圆点。

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Finding Goldilocks planets closer to home will be the job of TESS, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, scheduled to be launched in 2017.

寻找离地球较近的适居带行星将是凌日系外行星勘测人造卫星（Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite，简称TESS）的任务。这种卫星将于2017年发射。

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After completing its first year of observations in the southern sky, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite has spotted some intriguing new exoplanets only 31 light-years away from Earth.

美国宇航局的过境系外行星测量卫星（TESS）在完成对南半球天空的第一年观测后，发现了几颗距离地球仅31光年的有趣的新系外行星。

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Many of the planets to be studied by Cheops, are bigger than our Earth, but smaller than Neptune1, an in-between size that seems dominant2 in our galaxy3.

系外行星特征卫星将研究的许多行星体积都大于我们的地球，但小于海王星，这个大小居中的体积在我们的星系中似乎占主导地位。

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Cheops will draw up a shortlist for later, more sophisticated telescopes that hope to probe atmospheres for the chemical signatures of life.

系外行星特征卫星将为更精密的望远镜起草一份星体候选名单，这些望远镜将有望探测大气中生命的化学特征。

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Cheops will do this by measuring the width of the planets.

系外行星特征卫星将通过测量行星的直径来做到这一点。

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In February NASA will decide whether to pay for a new planet-hunting spacecraft called the transiting exoplanet survey satellite ( TESS).

在明年二月，美国航空航天局将会决定，是否会再投资建造一个新寻找行星太空船“检测过境系外星球卫星（tess）”。

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Endothelial dysfunction can be measured by the increased levels of a set of biomarkers, such as serum endothelin-1, E-Selectin and MMP-9.

血管内皮功能障碍可以通过一系列生物标志物：血清内皮素-1，E-选择素和MMP–9水平的提高来评估。

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PD-L1 is not the only possible biomarker.

PD-L1不是唯一可能带来帮助的生物标志物。

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GSH and GST in the tilipia tissue could be used as a biomarker to appraise the biochemical toxicity of the pesticide to fishes.

罗非鱼组织中的GSH和GST可作为生物标志物来评价农药对鱼类的生化毒性。

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Biomarker Assemblage and Study on Sedimentary Environments of Member 2 of Funing Formation, Lower Tertiary, Jinhu Sag, Subei Basin

生物标志物组合与苏北金湖凹陷阜二段（Ef2）沉积环境研究

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Discovery of Biomarkers from Serum in Liver Cancer by SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

利用飞行质谱技术SELDI-TOF-MS从肝癌患者血清中筛选特异的生物标志物

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The need for such biomarkers is illustrated in a study led by Dr. Wolchok that is to be presented on Sunday in Chicago at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

沃夏克领导的一项研究说明了对于这样的生物标志物的需求，研究将在芝加哥周日的美国临床肿瘤学会（American Society of Clinical Oncology）年度会议上获得展示。

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