tokugawa

Although the Tokugawa are an ancient family, claiming descent from Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate, they have known hard times since those glorious days.

虽然德川是一个古老的家族，声称创自源赖朝-镰仓幕府的第一代将军的后裔，他们都铭记在心，因为这些光辉的历史来自最艰难的时期。

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American Commodore, Perry, broke to sakoku policy of Tokugawa Japan in the hope of exploiting the resources of Japan.

美国海军准将，培里，打破了德川日本的锁国政策，以剥削利用日本的资源。

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This article combined with the social structure theory advocated by the Marxist Classical Theory, investigates the social structure and changes of thought of Tokugawa Era.

因此本文将日本德川时代作为分析对象，结合马克思主义经典理论所提倡的社会结构理论，考察德川时代社会结构及思想的变迁。

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The Tokugawa army has not only burned Okabe castle.

德川大军烧毁郡河城。

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Who opened the door of Tokugawa Japan in1853?

谁于1853年打开了德川日本的大门？

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FAT, raccoon-faced, and with the severed head of one of his enemies at his feet, Ieyasu Tokugawa, Japan's mightiest shogun, hardly looks like a heartthrob.

身材肥胖，脸如浣熊，脚边还散落着敌人的头颅的日本堂堂幕府将军，德川家康的这个形象无法被看作“大众情人”。

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There are two main conflicts in foreign relations in the early Tokugawa shogunate era. The first conflict is that how to deal with the problem of Western Catholicism force. The second one is the relationship with the Korean Yi Dynasty.

德川初期，幕府在对外关系上主要面临两大问题：其一，如何处理西方天主教问题；其二，与李氏朝鲜的交往问题。

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Bellah accomplishes a theoretical breakthrough to Weberian proposition through the study on modern Japanese ethos. In fact, Bellah's study on Japanese Tokugawa Religion is a revision and development to Weberian theory with an important significance on enlightening the study on modernization of Asian spirit.

因为贝拉通过对日本现代化精神气质的研究在理论上突破了韦伯命题，贝拉对日本德川宗教的研究实际上是对韦伯理论的修正与发展，对其后东亚文化现代化研究具有重要的启示意义。

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The Transformation of Social Structure and Thinking in Tokugawa Era

德川时代社会结构及思想变迁

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The Tokugawa shogunate until their integration into the formal establishment, into the most prosperous era.

而直到德川幕府将其纳入正式编制后, 进入了最兴盛的年代.

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After lemochi died, Yoshinobu Hitotsubashi became the new Tokugawa shogun.

德川家茂去世后, 德川庆喜接任将军之位.

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The Currency Circulation under the Three-Currency System in the Tokugawa Period of Japan

日本德川时代三货制度下的货币流通布卢明代尔斯百货公司

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Two decades later the despoticfeudalism of the Tokugawa shogunate was under greater strain.

20年后，江户幕府暴虐的封建专制面临着愈来愈大的压力。

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Although Higashiyama was the Emperor of Japan back then, the man actually in charge was Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the fifth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty.

虽然当时的天皇是Higashiyama，但实际掌权的是德川第五代幕府将军“德川纲吉”。

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On Spy-like Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan

论德川日本的密探统治

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In response , young samurai from feudal domains historically hostile to the Tokugawa arms against the government.

而年轻的武士阶级[侍]对幕府的统治一向不满,他们揭竿而起反抗政府.

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In theory, the Tokugawa are vassals of the Imagawa clan to the east in the provinces of Suruga and Totomi.

织田军队的已经入侵三河。从理论上讲，德川都是在今川氏作家臣和驻守骏河东部的省份。

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Later in that same century, another Tokugawa shogun, Ieyasu's grandson Iemitsu, assembled the country's greatest artisans and finest materials, commanded an outpouring of cash from the cowed nobility and did more building at Nikko.

后来，另一个德川家族的将军家光（Ieyasu），也即德川家康的孙子，集中全国最好的工匠和最好的材料，胁迫贵族们出钱，在日光修建了许多建筑。

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In 1701, when the events took place, Japan was almost halfway through the Tokugawa period, also known as the Edo Period, because that is where the shogunate established its seat of power while the emperor was still based in Kyoto.

1701年这些事件发生时日本正处于“德川时期”，也被称为“江户时期”，因为幕府在江户建立了政权，而天皇仍坐镇京都。

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The Battle of Sekigehara leaves Leyasu Tokugawa as the undisputed master of Japan.

关原之战的结果使德川家康成为日本毫无辩驳的主人.

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