in all the scopes of the forwarding business, there are mainly two kinds of business, one is the forwarding business, and one is the nvocc business.

the shipping act also has some unique legal mechanisms such as tariff filing, non-vessel-operating common carrier ( nvocc), and controlled carrier.

美国航运法规定的运价管理制度、无船承运人制度、受控承运人制度等具有特色。

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they will come forth in four kinds of different roles in different situations, respectively as agent, intermediary, nvocc and international multimode transportation operator.

在不同的条件下它分别以四种面孔出现，代理人、居间人、无船承运人和国际多式联运经营人。

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an nvocc ( non-vessel-operating common carrier) who separated from international trade is an international ocean transportation service provider for the shippers.

无船承运人是从国际贸易中分离出来的专门为托运人提供国际海洋运输的服务供应商。

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then, the writer discusses whether the nvocc is entitled to the limitation of liability through the analysis of relevant laws and legislative intention;

其次，从法律规定和立法意图两个方面讨论了无船承运人能否享有海事赔偿责任限制权利的问题；

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chapter 2 compares the nvocc with carrier, freight forwarder, the actual carrier and the contractual carrier.

第二章作者将无船承运人和承运人、货运代理人、实际承运人、契约承运人等相关民事法律主体进行比较分析，并以多个表格形式进行归纳总结。

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a large number of freight forwarders has been transformed into nvocc, whose services provided more diverse, comprehensive and global.

大量的货运代理人已转变成为无船承运人，所提供的服务越来越多样化、综合化、全球化。

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firstly, the particularity of the joint liability assumed by the actual carrier and nvocc is pointed out;

首先，分析了无船承运人与实际承运人承担连带责任的特殊性；

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both implementation rules of two ministries enumerate the business scope of international freight forwarder and nvocc.

在两部门的各自的《实施细则》中分别对无船承运人和国际货运代理的经营范围用列举的方法作了描述。

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non – vessel operating common carrier ( nvocc) system is the regulation and supervision of non-vessel operating system.

无船承运人（NVOCC）制度是规范和监管无船承运业务的制度。

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thinking about problems of nvocc

关于无船承运人若干问题的思考

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this conception is relative to the conception of the non vessel operating common carrier ( nvocc).

何为无船承运人？这一概念和实际承运人相对。

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the thesis consists of four chapters, namely, chapter one focuses on the evolution of the nvocc system.

全文共由四章组成。第一章主要介绍有关无船承运人制度的沿革。

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whether nvocc has the right of limitation of liability for maritime claims.

关于无船承运人能否享受海事赔偿责任限制的权利。

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so it is necessary to confirm the legal status and legal liability of nvocc.

因此，明确有关无船承运人法律地位及其法律责任的规定实属必要。

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the research on the management of nvocc

对无船承运人管理有关问题的研究

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exploration of dual liability system of nvocc double faces dual images

无船承运人双重责任制度探析

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the second, establishment of the credit assessment system of nvocc;

第二，建立无船承运人资信评估机制；

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when it discusses the legal status and liability system of nvocc, the article not only compares the diversity among nvocc and other parties concerned in legal system, but also the difference between legislation nowadays and before.

在探讨无船承运人的法律地位和责任机制时，既横向比较无船承运人与其他关系人的法律制度差异，也纵向比较当前立法和以前的立法与实践的差异；

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comparison study on effect of ultrasonic nebulizer and oxygen nebulizer in airway humidifying

超声雾化吸入与氧气雾化吸入对气道湿化的效果研究

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under current chinese law, a ship manager may be incorporated into the "ship operator" and be entitled to limit his liability accordingly. however, the scope of this definition should not be further extended to include a non-vessel operating common carrier.

在我国现行立法下，可以将船舶管理人纳入船舶经营人范畴而有权享受责任限制，但不宜扩大到无船承运人。

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