a rough sketch, calculation, translation

1、

by a rough back-of-the-envelope calculation, in about two decades the digital economy will reach the same size as the physical economy, he warns.

根据粗略计算，大约20年后，数字化经济将达到与实体经济一样的规模，他警告。

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2、

through analysis of engineering design examples, an accurate calculation method is provided for engineering designers to perform designing work when they meet the similar structure members, thus the defects of leaving the project with hidden accident hazards due to rough calculation can be avoided.

通过对工程设计实例的分析，给工程设计人员提供了在设计中遇到类似构件时较为实用的一种精确计算方法，避免粗略计算挑梁时易造成事故隐患的缺陷。

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3、

the traditional design method is an analytical method, which can only make a rough calculation with a simplified way, and can only get local stress, displacement, strength and stiffness. it must increase the safety factor to ensure structural strength and rigidity.

传统的设计计算方法是解析方法，该方法只能以简化方式作粗略计算，只能得到局部的应力、位移、强度及刚度情况，通过加大安全系数的方法来保证结构的强度和刚度。

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4、

then this method was applied to detect the methanol concentration change in the fuel container during the cell's long term discharge. rough calculation shows that faradic efficiency of our passive cell system is about 44%.

采用该方法对被动式单电池在长时间放电过程中燃料腔内的甲醇浓度的变化进行了检测，通过实验对此系统的法拉第效率进行了估算，结果表明该被动式直接甲醇燃料电池的法拉第效率可以达到44%。

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5、

this paper introduces one test method of voc in refinery units with the practice of petrochemical industry. and, rough calculation on quantity of voc leak in unit is made according to epa method.

结合石油化工行业生产的实际，介绍一种炼化装置挥发性有机物检测方法，并依据EPA的计算方法对装置的挥发性有机物的泄漏量进行了估算。

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6、

the paper gives an introduction to the preparation and method of the price quoted in the bid with a composite base price, and makes a rough calculation and analysis combined with work practice.

介绍复合标底投标报价的编制过程和方法，并结合工作实践进行测算分析。

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7、

the longer week and the tiny raise in hourly pay may have added$ 18 billion to annualized before-tax income, a rough calculation shows.

一个粗略的计算显示，工作时间较长和小时工资的微幅提高可能增加了180亿美元的折合成年率税前收入。

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8、

we use the service level to replace the shortage cost, which avoid the deviation caused by rough calculation, and then we build an optimal model with constraint.

在模型的建立过程中用服务水平限制条件代替了缺货成本，避免了由于估算缺货成本导致的误差，从而建立了有约束条件的总成本优化模型。

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9、

contracting mode: supervision fees of the project are settled according to the corresponding supervision fees dropped point of approved rough calculation;

承包方式：本工程监理费按批准概算相对应的监理费降点结算。

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10、

my rough calculation is that such a program would boost consumption by rmb500 billion.

我简单计算过，这个计划可以刺激5000亿元的消费。

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11、

by very rough calculation, that's more than 3m words to date.

根据粗略的计算，迄今我已写了300多万字。

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12、

the paper also involves an analysis of polychromatic light based on both precise calculation and rough calculation.

并对复色光的研究分别用精确算法与粗略算法进行了分析研究。

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13、

my rough calculation is it would be about 25 miles thick.

我粗略计算，如果这本书出版出来将会有25英尺厚。

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14、

a rough calculation suggests there would be 123 of them.

粗略估计会有123名监督者。

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15、

even a rough calculation of conditions inside the reactors would have helped in choosing the best response in the shortest time.

即使是对反应堆内部情况的粗略估算，应该也会有助于在最短时间内选择最佳对策。

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16、

i make some rough calculation on the back of an envelope.

我在信封背面做了一些估算。

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17、

calculation method for reasonable width of baseplate of grillage foundation

十字交叉梁基础合理基础底板宽度的计算方法

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18、

super element method for analyzing interaction of space frame-grillage foundation beams on elastic foundation

空间框架-十字交叉基础梁与弹性地基相互作用简化分析的超元法

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19、

mixed magnetic device for magnetic resonance imaging equipment

核磁共振成像仪磁场装置的混合结构研究

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20、

research of the temperature interrelation for permanent magnetic device of nmr-ct

核磁共振成像仪磁体装置的温度相关性研究

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