as for banks, governments' determination that unsecured debt to senior bondholders should be honoured in full remains as strong as ever.

fifteen investors bought the one-year short-term unsecured debt, which paid 8.15 per cent.

15家投资者买下了这些为期一年的短期无担保债务，其利率为8.15%。

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consider a simple company growing sales at 3 per cent, making free cash flow of$ 4m with an equity risk premium of 5 per cent, a beta of 1, and no debt.

想象这样一家简单的公司：其销售额增长为3%，自由现金流为400万美元，股票风险溢价为5%，贝塔系数为1，而且无债务。

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for government, the greatest magnetism of bot lies in its no involvement in funding plan and preparation of project. fund will be introduced for project construction but government will not be responsible for the debt.

BOT方式对政府而言，最大的吸引力就是这种方式不需要政府负责项目的资金计划和准备，引进资金用于项目建设而政府却无债务负担。

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moreover, in the past, countries that expanded public sector debt in the immediate aftermath of a crisis were subsequently able to generate debt-free growth via exports.

此外，在过去，在危机过后紧接着扩大公共部门债务的国家，随后能够通过出口产生无债务的经济增长。

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with bromocyclohexane and ethyl benzoate as raw materials, dicyclohexylphenylmethyl methacrylate was synthesized by two steps.

以溴代环己烷和苯甲酸乙酯为原料，经过两步反应合成了甲基丙烯酸二环己基苯甲酯。

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the two step reactions were conveniently carried out in the one-pot protocol with very high yields.

上述两步反应可一锅进行，操作简便、收率高。

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a two-step reaction is included in the model: pyrolysis reaction and fuel oxidation.

材料阴燃的化学反应采用两步反应模型：无氧热解反应和有氧热解反应。

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finally, the activation energies of two steps of the reaction were calculated.

利用线性回归对两步反应的活化能进行了计算。

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the apparent reaction rate constants of the two stepwise reactions were determined.

得出了两步反应的表观反应速率常数。

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both sets of reactions take place in chloroplasts.

两步反应都发生在叶绿体中。

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the overall yield of the two steps was 75%.

两步反应总产率达到75%。

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the synthesis of high-nitrogen energetic materials bis-( triaminoguanidinium)-5,5 ′-azotetrazolate ( tagzt) from starting material 5-aminotetrazole ( 5-at) by a novel method only in two steps was investigated.

以5-氨基四唑（5-AT）为起始原料经过两步反应合成了偶氮四唑类高氮含能化合物&偶氮四唑三氨基胍盐（TAGZT）。

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the target products were characterized by' h-nmr, 13c-nmr and ms. in addition, a one-pot reaction was used in the two steps of sulfonation and nitration, which reduced the amount of reagent, reaction time and the loss of the intermediate product.

化合物的结构通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR及MS进行了表征确认。该路线中磺化和硝化两步反应采用了一锅法，减少了试剂用量，缩短了反应时间，并减少了中间产物在处理过程中的损失。

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from commercially available starting materials natural amino acid, p-amino alcohol ligands 3a-3i were prepared in two simple steps.

以天然氨基酸为起始原料，经过简单的两步反应合成了β-氨基醇配体3a-3i。

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the thermogravimetry/ differential thermal gravity ( tg-dtg) curves showed that the oxidative degradation reaction of the sample was a two-stage reaction and an oxygen-absorption mass-gain process occurred after slight mass loss.

热重法/微分热重法（TG-DTG）曲线表明，试样的氧化降解过程为两步反应，并在产生轻微降解后，出现明显的吸氧增重过程。

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based on piso algorithm, numerical simulation of plume flow field is studied by solving navier-stokes equation in three cases: one step and two steps reaction model in combustion chamber, no combustion chamber.

基于压力隐式算子分裂（PISO）算法，通过求解Navier-Stokes方程，对燃烧室内一步反应和两步反应模型、无燃烧室三种情形下尾焰流场进行了数值仿真；

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coenzyme q 0 was prepared via two steps using commercially available 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzaldehyde as the starting material. the overall yield has reached 43.8%.

以商用3,4,5三甲氧基苯甲醛（Ⅰ）为起始原料，通过两步反应，合成了辅酶Q0，总收率达43.8%。

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the conversion of 1,3-propanediol is carried out by two enzymatic steps. glycerol dehydratase is a key enzyme in this process, which requires the presence of coenzyme b12 to carry out catalysis effectively.

1,3-丙二醇的生物合成途径主要包括两步反应，其中甘油脱水酶是此反应中的关键酶，它需要在辅酶B12存在的情况下进行有效的催化。

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a novel strong acidic ion-exchange fiber was firstly prepared by the friedel-crafts crosslinking and sulfonation of commercial pps fibers, and the novel fibrous material had high exchange capacity and good chemical stability performance.

本文首次通过对聚苯硫醚（PPS）纤维主链苯环的Friedel-Crafts烷基化交联与磺化两步反应制得一种交换容量高、化学稳定性能好的强酸离子交换纤维新材料。

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the main topic of this paper is about the innovative two-step reactive extrusion method. it can avoid the confrontation between the additives, when the waste polymer materials ( mostly recycled hdpe bottle cap materials) are reused.

本课题主要针对废弃高分子材料（主要是回收HDPE瓶盖料）再利用时遇到的问题，创新性的采用两步反应挤出法，避免了传统一步反应挤出法中添加剂之间的对抗作用。

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