Firstly, from the theory as transaction cost, combined effect, economies of scale to elaborate the economic significance of trading platform in transaction governance and trade agglomeration deeply: reducing transaction costs, receiving external income, improving transaction efficiency and promoting economic growth.

Worldwide development of tourism industry has proved that cluster can produce external economy, reduce transaction costs and make a good social order to improve those relationships, so the cluster can promote the competitiveness of the regional tourism industry and the regional economic development.

全球范围内旅游产业发展的实践证明，集群能产生外部经济性、减少交易费用和形成良好的社会关系网，从而提升区域旅游产业的竞争力，促进区域经济的发展。

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As lots of positive researches show, enterprise cluster is of inherent advantages of obtaining competitive advantages, such as the external economic effect, transaction cost, and so on.

实证研究揭示了企业群落在获得竞争优势方面具有先天的优势。

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In this paper, I will explore the theory of entropy, the growth pole theory, the theory of external and transaction costs, transportation costs theory, and analyze the internal mechanism of the port of the existence and development of port economy.

本文主要对熵理论、增长极理论、交易费用和外部性理论、运输成本理论等进行探讨，分析港口经济存在与发展的内在机理。

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Therefore, the savings of transaction costs, in order to search transacting Joint and form scale, so that the internal transaction costs are less than external transaction costs, and a variety of specialized cooperative economic organizations ( Listed Cooperative Organizations).

于是，从节约交易费用出发，寻求通过交易的联合，形成规模效益，使内部交易费用小于外部交易费用，便产生了各种专业合作经济组织（简称专合组织）。

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In transformation era, Chinese family business networking production relied on the relationship network to reduce external transaction costs; reducing asymmetric and incomplete information risk arising from opportunism; solving problems brought from the incomplete external market.

转型期中国家族企业网络化生产体系依靠关系网络来减少外部交易成本；减少因信息不对称和不完全引起的机会主义风险；解决外部市场不健全带来的诸多问题。

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The result of this paper shows that increase of the external transaction cost will be benefit for the returns of economic system and eco-environment system, and will bring out two systems all being at their best situation and sustainable development.

最后得到结论：增加外生交易费用是提高经济系统和环境系统效益，进而达到两大系统的双赢与可持续发展的有效途径。

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The intra-market transaction and the external transaction have quite different characteristics, and the components of intra-market transaction cost are different from that of the external-market.

本文认为，内部市场交易与外部市场交易具有完全不同的特征，所以内部市场交易费用的构成有别于外部市场交易费用的构成。

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And that core competency determines whether firm's internal organization management cost is higher than external transaction cost or not, and ultimately determines firm's optimal frontier.

而核心竞争力则决定了企业内部组织管理成本与外部市场交易成本的高低，并最终决定了企业的最优边界。

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On the static level it analyzes the internal and external transaction cost of transnational corporation, and the static boundary and scale of transnational corporation;

从静态方面分析了跨国公司的内部交易成本和外部交易成本，讨论了跨国公司边界与规模的确定；

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Theoretical studies show that when the proportion of land compensation is the specific value, the monetary compensation can internalize all external transaction costs.

理论研究显示，当征地补偿比例为s时，货币补偿可以将外在交易成本全部内在化。

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Company merger and purchase constitutes a development strategy of external transaction for enterprises in order to attain a rapid expansion.

兼并收购是一种快速扩张的对外交易型企业发展战略。

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The unit of work must be managed by an external transaction manager running on the same system as the client business application.

工作单元必须由在客户机业务应用程序所在的系统上运行的外部事务管理器管理。

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In the future, we could see the use of external transaction monitors to close the transaction gap.

将来，我们会看到使用外部事务监控器来填补目前对事务支持上的断层。

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The possible failure factors of proton exchange membrane fuels cells were analyzed in this paper, mainly discussed theoretically three aspects of failure mechanism: contaminated with foreign impurity cations, catalyzer poisoning and material aging.

本文从对质子交换膜燃料电池失效的可能因素作了分析，主要从离子污染、催化剂中毒以及材料老化三个方面讨论了质子交换膜失效机制。

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Study of Titanium Alloy High-Density Foreign Impurity by X-ray Inspection

X光检测钛合金高密度夹杂物方法的研究

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The inclusions in magnesium alloys are oxide inclusion, flux inclusion, foreign inclusion et al throughout a number of trials, in which the majority is oxide inclusion.

试验研究表明，在镁合金中，主要存在有氧化物夹杂、熔剂夹杂和外来夹杂等几种夹杂物，其中最主要的夹杂物是氧化物夹杂。

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Antibodies which survive the negative selection process are self-tolerant and are capable of recognizing almost any foreign body substance.

经过否定选择后存活的抗体具有自我耐受性，并能够识别大多数的外来物体。

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Well basically, once a mosquito bites you, it leaves behind its saliva which your body recognizes as a foreign substance. So, in response, your body's immune system produces antibodies to fight the invader, which results in the release of histamine ( the compound that makes things itch and swell).

其实一旦你被蚊子咬了，留在你体内的蚊子唾液就会被你的身体视为异物，所以为了对抗异物，你身体的免疫系统会产生抗体来对抗入侵者，释放组胺（这种化合物会使皮肤发痒肿胀）。

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CONCLUSION: The main components of CMGC, metformin and glibenclamide, are bioequivalent to the reference tablets, MT and GT. OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of foreign substance dicyanodiamide in com ˉ pound metformin and glibenclamide tablets.

结论：复方二甲双胍胶囊中二甲双胍和格列本脲与参比药相比皆生物等效目的：建立以高效液相色谱法测定复方二甲双胍格列本脲片中杂质双氰胺含量的方法。

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Is studied in the process of condensate producting aromatic hydrocarbon with chromatog-raphy determining its intermediate and foreign substance of products which play an positive role for assuring effective composition content of products and stabilize their quality in the production of chemical industry.

研究了气相色谱法测定凝析油生产芳烃过程中，中间体及产品杂质的测定，在化工生产中对保证产品有效成分含量，对稳定产品质量有着积极的作用。

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