Due to the strict limitations and enormous time cost to build inter-satellite links, a stable network topology has great influence on the performance of a communication satellite network.

So there's been an enormous decline in transport cost.

因此交通运输费用已大大降低。

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But it has come at enormous personal cost to me.

但是它让我付出了巨大的个人代价。

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Especially, many expressway built in early years need to have a maintenance on large scale or reconstruction one by one. We have paid out enormous economic cost and social cost for the thoroughly reconstruction of the highway.

特别是近年来早期修建的一些高速公路已相继进入大修或改建期，开膛破肚式的处理方式已经让我们付出了巨大的经济成本和社会代价。

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The Profile of Spherical Hob Form grinding of a gear

球形滚刀的齿形齿轮成形磨

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Some key technologies in designing the DMH 500 CNC non spherical lens grinding machine are introduced and the main structures are analyzed in detail.

为了解决非球面透镜加工方法周期长、成本高等问题，该文介绍了作者在DHM500超精密数控非球面透镜磨床研制中的一些关键技术，对其主要结构进行了分析。

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Spherical Precision Grinding System and Error Modeling

回转球面精密磨削系统及其误差模型

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Theoretical Analysis of Several Questions in Four-Axle Spherical Grinding

四轴球面研磨中若干问题的理论分析

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Research on CNC Grinding Complex Shaped Cutter Using Spherical Grinding Wheel

球面砂轮数控磨削复杂形状刀具的研究

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While the isothermal treating temperature raised to 850 ℃, the boride, to form BN instead, precipitates out around the spherical MnS grain as nucleus of crystallization to obtain a compound of MnS+ BN.

在850℃恒温处理时BN以MrS为结晶核心在其周围析出，呈MnS+BN复合体形态。

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During manufacturing semisolid Al-Mg based alloy by rheocasting of incline cooling and shearing, melt alloy heterogeneously nucleated on the incline-cooling plate surface and was sheared under the gravity force, and alloy microstructure gradually evolves from big net-work composed of equiaxed dendrites to small spherical grain.

倾斜式冷却剪切流变制备半固态Al Mg合金过程中，合金在冷却板表面非均匀形核，并受到重力的剪切作用，合金组织逐渐从粗大等轴晶网络演化为细小的球形晶；

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Utilizing filling structure theory of average spherical grain to calculate the bulk proportion of different granularity medium and utilizing the most dense filling theory to calculate the granularity proportion, author worked out the optimized grinding medium proportion of annular gap mill.

首先利用均一球形颗粒填充结构理论计算了介质球不同粒径的体积配比，利用最密填充理论计算了介质球的粒径大小的配比，求出了环缝磨研磨介质的优化配比。

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The results show that after process of supercritical fluid drying at 260 ℃ × 7.5 MPa × 0.5 h, ZAO powders are obtained with size less than 20 nm, high surface area and better spherical grain.

结果表明：在260℃×7.5MPa×0.5h的超临界流体条件下，得到平均粒度小于20nm，高的比表面积，近球形的ZAO粉体。

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We hold that pearl's formation involves fore phases: the formation of calcium carbonate gel and the formation of calcium carbonate spherical grain, and the transformation of mineral and subsequent growth.

本文将珍珠的形成过程初步归纳为碳酸钙凝胶的形成，碳酸钙球粒的形成，矿物相的转变和后继生长四个阶段。

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Spherical grain shape, grain size is uniform, moderate density, almost no aggregation.

晶粒形状为球状，晶粒粒度很均匀，密度适中，几乎没有团聚现象。

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Rayleigh-Taylor Instability of Feedthrough Growth in a Spherical Shell Geometry

球壳结构馈通增长的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性

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The approach is to solve z-axis coordinate according to the sensed x-axis and y-axis coordinate data, as well as the spherical geometry relationship analysis, the orientation matrix describing the spherical motor motion can be given and solved based on the screw theory.

这种方法是通过球面的几何关系，由检测到的x和y坐标方向的位置数据计算出z坐标方向的数据，并根据旋量理论建立球电机运动的旋转矩阵和计算出旋转矩阵的旋转角度。

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The concept and the definition of the reference orbital elements are introduced using spherical geometry. In terms of the reference orbital elements, governing equations for relative motion are formulated.

利用球面几何方法，引入参照轨道要素概念，给出其定义，并推导了用其描述的从星相对运动方程的精确形式。

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For the decoupled case of orientation constraints and position constraints, a new algorithm based on spherical geometry and spherical four-linkage mechanism to solve orientation constraints is presented.

针对三维装配姿态约束和位置约束的可解耦情况，提出求解姿态约束的球面几何和球面四杆机构法。

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Before the discussion of the system design, the calculating equations of azimuth and elevation are approached based on spherical geometry, which is easier and more intuitive.

在论述系统设计之前，本文从球面几何的角度对卫星跟踪角度的计算公式进行了推导，推导方法更加直观，更便于理解。

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The solar-terrestrial transit process of three successive CMEs during November 4-5, 1998 has been investigated numerically in one-dimensional spherical geometry.

在一维球坐标系下模拟了1998年11月4日至5日3个连续日冕物质抛射（CME）在行星际空间的传播和相互作用并最终形成复杂抛射的日地传输过程。

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