High-speed traders, dubbed high-frequency traders because they trade in and out of stocks thousands of times per second, have overtaken the stock market.

This text utilize Markov chain to describe the high-frequency trade state of data, define the observed income and obtained the negative first order autocorrelation of the income, it is identical with others results of study.

本文利用Markov链对高频数据的交易状态进行描述，定义了观测收益并得到了收益序列的一阶负相关性，和其他的研究结果是一致的。

互联网摘选

The rest are executed automatically by high-frequency trade algorithms.

其他都是自动交易，由高效的交易软件去完成。

互联网摘选

"Herd behavior" is a concept which is from biology. But when the concept applies to the stock market, it means the investors ignore their private information and take the same action with others.

羊群行为这一概念源于生物界的集体行为，应用于股票市场是指投资者忽略自己的私有信息，而和大多数人采取相同的投资决策和投资行为。

互联网摘选

This part firstly describes the research background and significance, then gives the standard definition of bubble, the accurate define of the concept of bubble and stock market bubble is the basic premise to the study of stock market bubble theory.

这部分首先阐述论文的研究背景与研究意义，接下来对泡沫这个词进行规范的定义，准确地界定泡沫以及股市泡沫的概念是研究股市泡沫理论的基本前提。

互联网摘选

Shen Nanpeng is changing the traditional industry through using the risk investment and he let the traditional enterprise created Chinese concept in the NASDAQ Stock Market.

他梦幻般地两度让传统大型企业在纳斯达克股市上创造出了中国概念。

互联网摘选

It introduces the concept and history of stock index futures, and describes its characters by comparing stock index futures with commodity futures.

论述了股指期货的概念及其历史发展过程，通过对股指期货与商品期货及股票的比较得出股指期货的特征。

互联网摘选

The first part: the concept and features of stock repurchase.

第一部分：股份回购的概念与特征。

互联网摘选

In order to make students lay a solid foundation in stock investment and basic operation before graduation, the students should grasp the basic skill of stock investment and have the correct investment concept by simulate stock investment.

通过股票模拟实验，能使学生掌握股票投资的基本操作技能，能培养学生正确的投资意识和投资理念，为使学生走向社会投资理财奠定坚实的基础。

互联网摘选

To understand the concept of zero stock and according to the influence of stock control on organizing production, enterprise should take effective measures to control stock and then reduce it and organize production smoothly.

正确理解零库存的概念，同时针对库存控制对生产组织的影响，采取行之有效的库存控制措施，才能做到既降低库存又顺畅地组织生产。

互联网摘选

Based on the theories of sustainable development, financial ecological theory and the stock market ecological characteristics, the paper for bearing capacity from ecological research concept into the stock market did theoretical foil.

通过对可持续发展理论、金融生态理论和股票市场的生态特征的阐述，为将承载力概念从生态研究领域引入股票市场做了理论铺垫。

互联网摘选

Chapter 2 characteristics that analyzed retail trade, the concept of the stock and the stock management, the classification problem in the retail trade stock.

第二章分析了零售业的特点，库存和库存管理的概念，零售业库存中的分类问题。

互联网摘选

A new concept, labor stock is quoted.

引用了劳力股这个新概念。

互联网摘选

The second chapter first introduces the basic concept of stock index futures. Then it describes Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 index and its index futures. Finally it introduces the selected samples of the empirical research.

第二章首先介绍了股指期货的基本概念，接着介绍了本文的研究对象现货指数沪深300指数和沪深300指数期货合约的基本情况，最后介绍了本文实证研究所选取的样本情况。

互联网摘选

Theoretically it begins with the concept of stock market system risks, the thesis checks over its components, and lists the Government Decree Position as the most unique characteristics of the market;

理论方面从我国股市系统风险的概念入手，分析了股市系统风险的构成要素，指出我国股市最大的特色是政策市；

互联网摘选

The problem results from the fact that the supervisors of the listed companies in China generally lack capital cost, especially lack the concept of stock right cost.

本文认为，这与我国上市公司管理人普遍缺乏资本成本，特别是股权成本的概念有关。

互联网摘选

The thesis propounds some pointed measures on how to reinforce the concept of stock right cost in business supervisors.

最后就如何强化企业管理人的股权成本概念，本文提出了一些有针对性的措施。

provided by jukuu

The second part is the basis of article which elaborates the general theories, such as the concept of stock market investment.

第二本分详细阐述了股票市场投资理念的概念特点等一般理论，是文章的基础。

互联网摘选

Finally, this chapter introduces the concept of stock price, influence factors and the relationship between earnings management and stock price.

最后介绍了股价的相关概念，影响因素以及盈余管理与股价之间的内在联系。这一章主要是从理论上探讨盈余管理对股价的影响。

互联网摘选

At the same time, to the stocks in different industries, the essay has given improvement suggestions and directions specifically for relatively poor achievement effect of energy conservation environmental protection concept stock companies.

同时对不同行业的股票进行统计，针对绩效较差的节能环保上市公司，给出其具体的改进建议和方向。

互联网摘选

With extremely fluctuation of market and shortage of potential resources, Chinese concept stock in Hongkong market returning to A stock market becomes a selection to stabilize our market.

中国A股市场存在一定的泡沫，市场的大起大落以及可供上市的潜在资源相对匮乏，使得红筹股回归成为稳定市场的选择之一。

互联网摘选