Reorientation of T cell receptors during immunological synapse formation: a vortex-driven model

Objective: To develop the mechanistic model for the reorientation of T cell receptors during immunological synapse formation.

目的：建立T细胞受体（TCR）在免疫突触形成过程中作重定向（reorientation）运动的机制模型。

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The function of Synaptic vesicles is regulated by a variety of synaptic proteins.

突触小泡的功能受到多种突触蛋白的调节。

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Glutamate receptors of the N-methyl-D-aspartate ( NMDA) subtype are highly expressed in the central nervous system and are involved in excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity.

NMDA（N-甲基-D-天氡氨酸）受体是离子型谷氨酸受体的一种亚型，在中枢神经系统的突触传递和突触可塑性调节中起着重要的作用。

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Furthermore, several lines of evidence suggest that proline may serve as a modulator of synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain.

而且，几条证据的线索指出，脯氨酸作为一种哺乳动物大脑中突触之传导的调节器。

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Other reported that some kinds of proteins may be related to the process of learning and memory, such as growth-associated protein GAP-43 and synaptophysin ( Syn), which modulate synaptic plasticity.

研究表明，某些蛋白，如突触素（Synaptophysin，Syn）和生长相关蛋白43（GAP-43）参与突触可塑性的调节，影响学习记忆过程。

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One of the major functions of glutamate receptors appears to be the modulation of synaptic transmission, resulting in synaptic plasticity.

其中一个重要的功能就是参与突触传递的调节，产生突触可塑性。

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In the past, study of postsynaptic regulatory mechanism is rare.

以往的研究多侧重于突触前和突触间隙调节机制，而对突触后调节机制研究不多。

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Actin dynamics and Rap activity are both regulated by synaptic activity and involved in synaptic plasticity. Understanding the mechanisms that control the actin cytoskeleton of dendritic spines may help to reveal the cellular basis of the synaptic plasticity that underlies learning and memory.

Rap活性和肌动蛋白动力学受到突触活化调节而且与突触可塑性有关，了解调节树突棘肌动蛋白骨架的重塑必然有助于揭示奠定学习记忆基础的突触可塑性的分子机制。

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Objective: The membrane properties and synaptic transmission of neurons in rat visual cortex were examined to explore modification of these characteristics by visual experience during development.

目的：研究大鼠不同发育阶段视皮层各层次神经元的被动膜学特性和突触传递特性，探讨视觉经验在视皮层发育过程中对神经元突触的修饰作用。

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Presynaptic [ Ca 2+] I could influence the replacing of presynaptic depressed vesicles, as well as encode the precise relative timing of presynaptic input and postsynaptic activity and generate long term synaptic modification of opposite polarity ( LTP or LTD).

突触前[Ca2+]i可以影响被抑制的突触前膜囊泡的更新，并准确编码突触前和突触后信息，产生截然相反的长时程突触修饰（LTP或LTD）。

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According the integration of information of auditory neurons, we propose a model using the denoising method, and discuss the rules of information integration on the synapse.

我们根据听觉神经元的信息整合规律，提出一种新的信号去噪方法，并探讨了突触上信息整合的规律。

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Second, the integration of information on the synapse.

突触信息的整合作用。

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According to the simulation results, the number of synapses and the different latency of EPSP in each channels play roles in the integration of auditory information.

根据模拟实验结果，得到了突触上信息整合与突触数目的多少和不同通道EPSP延时不同的关系。

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The different latency of EPSP in each channels determine the effect of integration of information on synapse.

不同通道EPSP的延时的差异决定了突触上信息整合的效果。

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It is reviewed that relationships between neurontrophins and hearing loss in auditory system.

综述了在听觉神经系统中，神经营养因子与听力损伤、电刺激、突触疲劳的关系；

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Synapse is the main region of changes of activity dependence for cerebra plasticity. Re-establishment of synapse from synaptic plasticity changes is important for cerebral ischemia.

突触是活动依赖性脑可塑性变化的关键结构部位，突触可塑性变化导致的突触重建对于脑缺血后的功能康复意义重大。

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Acupuncture can improve the expression of synaptophysin in hippocampus and dentate gyrus of AD rats.

针刺促进海马CA1区和齿状回突触的重建而提高突触素表达可能是改善AD鼠的学习记忆功能的机制之一。

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Conclusion The motor skill training could promote the increase of astrocyte number and the changes of synapse number and function in the region around the infarction area and finally the motor skill recovery in the experimental rats with acute cerebral infarction.

结论脑梗死大鼠运动训练可促使星形胶质细胞增殖，加强突触重建和功能修复，促进运动功能恢复；

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Conclusion Morphine may promote the regeneration and synaptic reconstruction of the terminals of injured primary unmyelinated afferent fiber at spinal lamina ⅱ, which might be mediated by opioid μ recepter.

结论吗啡能够促进大鼠脊髓Ⅱ板层受损伤的初级无髓传入纤维终末再生及其突触重建，这可能通过阿片受体介导。

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Recently, it was used to treat anoxic ischemic encephalopathy, but the effect on histopathology and regulation of the synapse of it was reported rarely.

但是，三磷酸胞苷二钠对脑缺血损伤后神经元的组织病理及缺血后突触重建的影响，国内外少见报道。

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