1、
what can be excused or extenuated in criminal cases by necessity is not so in civil ones.
紧急状况在刑事案件中免除、减轻罪责，但在民事案件却不免除、减轻责任。
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2、
the act of extenuating or the condition of being extenuated; partial justification.
开脱使人原谅的行为或被人原谅的条件；
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