study on the protection of defense right in relative non-prosecution

on the nature of the right to defense in criminal proceedings

关于刑事诉讼中辩护权性质的认识

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the right to defense should be kept as not only a right, but rather a right with full guarantee.

摘要辩护权不仅应当作为权利而存在，更应当作为一种有充分保障的权利而存在。

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however, the right of defence of counsels should not be subject to such limitation.

其辩护人在事实与法律适用方面行使辩护权，均不应受到限制。

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however, if the foreigner or the stateless person is a near relative of the defendant, and is appointed as the defender by the defendant in criminal cases, the people's count may approve.

但，外国人或者无国籍人是被告人的近亲属或者监护人，由被告人委托担任刑事辩护人的，人民法院可以准许。

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thus, when an opposing party is well represented, a lawyer can be a zealous advocate on behalf of a client and at the same time assume that justice is being done.

因此，当对方当事人也获得很好的代理时，律师在积极地为委托人利益辩护时，也同时有助于正义的实现。

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may foreigners be appointed as the defender in criminal cases?

外国人能否被委托担任刑事辩护人？

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a people's procuratorate shall, within three days from the date of receiving the file record of a case transferred for examination before prosecution, inform the criminal suspect that he has the right to entrust persons as his defenders.

人民检察院自收到移送审查起诉的案件材料之日起三日以内，应当告知犯罪嫌疑人有权委托辩护人。

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people's court shall, within three days from the date of accepting a case of private prosecution, inform the defendant that he has the right to entrust persons as his defenders.

人民法院自受理自诉案件之日起三日以内，应当告知被告人有权委托辩护人。

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designated defense refers to the authorized defender in the court to defend for the defendant in some special cases or special defendant who hasn't any fiduciary defenders.

指定辩护是人民法院对一些特定情况下的案件或者某些特殊被告人当他们自己没有委托辩护人时，而为他们指定辩护人，出庭辩护。

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for example, the defendants have chosen their own lawyers, and for those haven't, the court arranged for them according to law.

被告人自行委托辩护律师，没有委托辩护律师的，法院依法为他们指定了辩护律师。

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during the trial, the accused has the right to terminate a lawyer's action in his defense and entrust another to take it up.

在审判过程中，被告人有权拒绝辩护人继续为他辩护，并另行委托辩护人辩护。

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the general requirement include the open to the party and the society, but the fundamental content means the open of trial procedure and trial decision.

一般要求包括向当事人的公开及对社会的公开，基本内容指审判过程的公开和审判结果公开，审判过程的公开指从立案直至法庭辩论结束的全部活动公开，其中法庭审理公开是关键；

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important in the system of criminal trial principles, the principle is the core principle in criminal trial stage and the basis of the public trial principle, combined trial principle and debating principle.

在刑事审判原则体系中具有重要地位，是审判公开原则、集中审理原则、辩论原则赖以发生作用并体现其价值的前提，是刑事审判阶段的核心原则。

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fourth, suggest safeguard measures on open trial, mandatory defense system and revocation system.

第四，提出必须公开开庭审理、设立强制辩护制度和逃匿犯罪嫌疑人、被告人归案后的撤销制度等保障措施。

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article 45 administrative cases in the people's courts shall be tried in public, except for those that involve state secrets or the private affairs of individuals or are otherwise provided for by law.

第四十五条人民法院公开审理行政案件，但涉及国家秘密、个人隐私和法律另有规定的除外。

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for public hearing, the people's court shall make public the names of the litigants, the subject matter of the case and the time and place of the court session.

公开审理的，应当公告当事人姓名、案由和开庭的时间、地点。

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the materials which a jury uses in fashioning its verdict should come to it in open court.

陪审团在做出裁定的过程中，所依据的各种材料应该是在公开审理的过程中得到的。

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every day of my working week in my early 20s i was reminded how incredibly fortunate i was, to live in a country with a democratically elected government, where legal representation and a public trial were the rights of everyone.

在我20多岁的那段日子，每一天的工作，都在提醒我自己是多么幸运。生活在一个民选政府的国家，依法申述与公开审理，是所有人的权利。

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article 42 all cases involving crimes committed by minors over fourteen years old but under sixteen shall not be tried publicly.

第四十二条十四周岁以上不满十六周岁的未成年人犯罪的案件，一律不公开审理。

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the verdicts in all cases, including cases of non-public trial in accordance with law, should be pronounced publicly.

所有案件（包括依法不公开审理的案件）都必须公开宣告判决。

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