fishlike animals having a notochord rather than a true spinal column.

a disputant who advocates reform.

一个提倡改革的争论者。

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a mediator should not guarantee results, especially if such guarantee could be perceived as favoring one type of disputant or industry over another.

特别是如果这样保证可能被察觉象倾向争论者或产业的一种类型在别的的斡旋人不应该保证结果。

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sep theory provides a new thought for research on how governments seek for other instruments to shift rent, i.e., how their strategic trade policy varies under the restraint of free trade.

战略性环境政策理论，为自由贸易约束下各国政府如何寻求其他政策工具转移租金、也就是战略性贸易政策如何变异，提供了新的思路。

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i consider that smith firstly advances his view about wealth of nations, in order to criticize the policies of the restraint of trade prevailing in eighteenth-century west, and finally has established the principle about nations how to become wealthy, that is the one of free trade.

作者认为，斯密首先通过确立自己的财富观，来批判当时西欧尤其是英国普遍盛行的贸易管制政策，最终确立起自由贸易的富国原则。

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antitrust laws are chiefly to regulate market behavior and to encourage competition through the prevention of monopolization and the limitation of restraint of trade.

反垄断法主要是规范市场行为，鼓励竞争来防止垄断和制止贸易限制。

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the doctrine of restraint of trade is the judicial bases for the court of the common law countries to decide whether a business transaction is unfair.

禁止限制性贸易行为理论是英美法系国家法院判断一项商业交易是否合法时，经常使用的司法理由之一。

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the related work shows that establish a trust relationship can reduce transaction uncertainty and risk, improve the efficiency of cooperation and restraint of trade fraud.

已有研究与实践表明建立信任关系可以降低交易不确定性和风险性，提高合作效率，抑制交易欺诈。

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research on the doctrine of restraint of trade and the sanctions in professional sports& practices in canada

禁止限制贸易行为理论与职业体育运动中的处罚措施&以加拿大实践为例

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research on the restraint of trade to china of japan and our country's countermeasure

日本对华贸易限制措施及我国的对策研究

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it is not uncommon for the purchaser to have the vendor subject to a restraint of trade in the agreement.

在协议中，买家要求卖家接受贸易管制也是很常见的。

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part four explores the relationship between the wto basic rules, the exception of the basic rules and the restraint of trade.

正文第三部分论述WTO的宗旨、基本规则和例外规则与贸易管制的关系。

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this thesis mainly deals with two questions related to classifiers and plural markers: ( 1) is there any count/ mass distinction of nouns in cls? ( 2) can classifier and plural marker co-occur?

本文主要研究与量词和名词复数标记相关的两个问题：（1）量词性语言中的名词是否有可数不可数之分；（2）量词与复数标记能否共现。

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it further follows that classifiers are needed to license numerals, since numeral cannot otherwise occur with mass nouns. differently put, there exists a correlation between the availability of classifier and the lack of plural morphology in classifier languages.

他进一步提出量词需要去允准数词，因为数词不能与物质名词同时出现；他认为在量词性语言中存在着这样一种关联：有量词时而复数形式缺失。

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( comparative of` little' usually used with mass nouns) quantifier meaning not as great in amount or degree.

（与物质名词连用与'little'相当的）表示数量或程度不大的量词。

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( quantifier used with mass nouns) great in quantity or degree or extent.

（与物质名词连用的量词）在数量、程度或范围上巨大的。

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the new paper included heart attacks, cardiac arrests, episodes of irregular heartbeat and activations of automatic implanted defibrillators.

这篇新学术论文包括心脏病，心脏疾病治疗，不规律心跳发作，及植入的除颤器的激活。

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he added that pollution related cardiac arrests occurred during times when the levels were high but still below the current epa safety threshold.

他补充说污染相关性心脏停搏多数发生在污染水平高但是仍然低于现行EPA安全阈值的时候。

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what they were looking for was simple: were there more cardiac arrests on high pollution days than on lower pollution days?

他们正在寻找的东西是简单的：是否在高污染日子里比低污染日子有更多的心脏停搏？

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the method can reduce the code redundancy, enhance the reuse of common services among federates and federation, and compensate oop insufficiency in solving the crosscutting problems.

该方法可以降低代码的冗余度，提高分布式仿真中联邦间公用服务的重用性，弥补OOP在解决横切问题上的不足。

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a hla federation is a distributed interactive simulation system consisting of many collaborative hla federates, so synchronous problems in designing hla federates should be considered.

由于HLA联邦是由多个HLA联邦成员协同组成的一个分步交互式仿真系统，所以在HLA联邦成员设计中必须考虑同步问题。

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