To sum up, the political system of Saudi Arabia may be defined as quasi-capitalist limited monarchy with the combination of religion and politics.

Quantitative analysis RMB internationalization seigniorage revenue which can be measured. We select China neighboring countries as a sample to estimate the yuan international seigniorage income.

定量分析人民币国际化可计量的铸币税收益，选取中国周边国家为样本，估算人民币在周边国家和地区国际化后的铸币税收益。

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And now the world has stepped into the age of electronic currency. It is self-evident that electronic currency has brought great impact on seigniorage.

当今世界已进入电子货币时代，电子货币对铸币税的冲击是不言而喻的。

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The RMB internationalization is our inevitable choice, it not only will bring the direct seigniorage revenue, also bring a lot of indirect benefits.

实现人民币国际化是我们必然的选择，不仅能为我国带来最直接的铸币税收益，还带来了很多其他间接收益。

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Issuing coin money is the source of seigniorage and seigniorage is the outcome of issuing money by the Central Bank.

发行货币是铸币税的源泉，铸币税是中央银行发行货币的结果；

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Seigniorage, as an important resource of government revenue, has a close contact with inflation tax, and is an inducement of financial risk.

铸币税作为政府收入的重要来源与通货膨胀税有着紧密联系，是金融风险的诱因之一。

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Under inflation, as the real purchasing power of money declines, the government's real seigniorage revenues is less than its nominal.

在通货膨胀情况下，货币的实际购买力下降，政府的实际铸币税收入小于其名义铸币税收入。

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An Analysis of the Seigniorage Revenues in the Monetization of Financial Deficit& Beginning with the general implication of seigniorage

财政赤字货币化过程中铸币税收益问题分析&从铸币税的一般涵义谈起

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In order to eliminate potential financial risk, it is necessary to keep the efficiency of optimal seigniorage and reinforce the independence of central bank.

为消除潜在的金融风险，保持最优铸币税的有效性，必须加强中央银行的独立性。

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Negative Seigniorage is when the cost of minting a coin is more than the coin's face value.

负铸币利差就是铸造一枚硬币的成本高于这个硬币的面值。

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Facing the threat of inflation, we should slow down the speed of money supply appropriately, reducing the seigniorage.

在面临通货膨胀威胁时，必须适当放慢货币供应速度，减少铸币收入。

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A Research on Seigniorage of Renminbi

人民币铸币税研究

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Monetary Policies During the Process of Currency Internationalizing: A Dynamic Analysis on the Optimal Path of the Income by Seigniorage

货币国际化扩张中的政策行为&基于最优铸币收入的动态分析

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A Reflection on the Issue of Seigniorage

关于铸币税问题的思考

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For the traditional definition of the seigniorage, the excise base of it is the money base.

对于传统意义的铸币税，其税基是基础货币存量；

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The debate about seigniorage is always connected with the monetization of financial deficit.

铸币税问题的讨论一般是同财政赤字货币化问题相联系的。

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Seigniorage is really a tax on holders of money and government debt which is paid via inflation.

铸币税实际上是通过通胀对货币和国债持有人征收的税收。

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But the nickel's negative Seigniorage is even worse than the pennies.

但是五分硬币的负铸币利差比便士还更严重。

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Under the modern economic system, seigniorage refers to the profit gained from the Central Bank's money issuing.

现代经济制度下，铸币税是指中央银行的货币发行所获得的利润。

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Income by seigniorage is one of the most important benefits in the process of the currency internationalizing.

货币国际化为其政策主体带来的重要收益之一就是铸币收入。

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Seigniorage is not a kind of tax but an income from casting coins.

铸币税不是一种税，而是指铸造货币所获得的收入；

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