The Theory of Purchasing Power Parity, as the foundation of exchange evaluation for all countries in the world, is the guidance for the policy with regard to exchange management and intervention.

The Theory of Purchasing Power Parity and the Development of the Theory of Exchange Rate

购买力平价理论与汇率决定理论的发展

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The thiocyanate content in saliva of78 smokers and74 non-smokers was determined by single sweep polarography.

用单扫示波极谱法测定78例男性吸烟者和74例不吸烟者唾液中硫氰酸盐。

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The number of smokers suffered from COPD is 3~ 5 times higher than that of non-smokers.

吸烟者患COPD的比不吸烟者多3～5倍。

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Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.

每次当你想吸烟时，提醒你自己，你是一个不吸烟者。

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" When we adjusted for smoking, or looked just at the nonsmokers, we still found a lower rate of CAD in people having an LDS religious preference," Horne said.

“当我们控制吸烟，或者仅仅研究那些不吸烟者，我们任然发现坚持末日圣徒教信仰的人具有较低的冠心病患病率，”Horne说。

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Male smokers consumed more energetic stuff and macronutrients than non-smokers, but female smokers had opposite trends.

男性吸烟者的能量及宏量营养素的平均摄入量均高于不吸烟者和轻度吸烟者，但是女性吸烟者有相反的趋势。

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Smoking is harmful and it is not only bad for smokers themselves, but also bad for non-smokers.

吸烟对人们的身体百害而无一利。它不仅有害吸烟者本人，而且对不吸烟者也会造成损害。

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The risk was seen in smokers and nonsmokers, suggesting that exposure to burning incense is an independent risk factor for certain cancers of the respiratory tract, says lead researcher Jeppe T.

在吸烟者和不吸烟者中都观察到这种风险，说明暴露于香熏的香气中确定对呼吸道癌症是一个独立的风险因子，首席研究人员Jeppe T。

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Smokers have a higher incidence of lung cancer than nonsmokers.

吸烟者比不吸烟者肺癌的发病率高。

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Doctor Terry Pechacek at the C.D.C.says the findings should persuade every country that smoking in enclosed spaces is very dangerous to nonsmokers.

疾控中心的Terry Pechacek博士说，这些研究结果应该提醒每一个国家，在密闭环境中吸烟对于不吸烟者来说是非常危险的。

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In country after country, talk of nonsmokers' right is in the air.

在一个又一个国家里，不吸烟者的权利在空中说开了。正译：不吸烟者的权利问题正在一个又一个国家里议论开了。

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Over the long term, secondhand smoke also raises the risk of disease in nonsmokers.

经过长时间的作用，二手烟还会增加不吸烟者的患病危险。

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The positive expression of COX-2 was significantly related to gender, smoking, histologic subtype and lymph node metastasis ( P < 0.05).

COX-2在女性、不吸烟者、腺癌和淋巴结转移阳性者中表达明显升高（P<0.05）。

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Conclusion For Chinese rural patients with chronic bronchitis, aging, smoking, family history of COPD, lower pulmonary function are independent risk factors of COPD while sex is not one. Ex-smoking can almost decrease the relative risk of COPD to the approximative risk level of non-smoking.

结论衰老、吸烟、COPD家族史、肺功能低下是慢性支气管炎患者COPD发病独立的危险因素，性别不是独立的危险因素，戒烟可使吸烟者发病危险降低至近似于不吸烟者的水平。

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METHOD: 16 healthy non-smokers and 11 healthy smokers were conducted broncho-alveolar lavage, which was introduced by Reynolds. The cellular and non-cellular components in the lavage fluid were examined.

方法：采用Reynolds介绍的支气管肺泡灌洗术灌洗健康不吸烟者16例、健康吸烟者11例的下呼吸道后，检测灌洗液中细胞及非细胞成分含量。

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It is absolutely right for governments to discourage smoking, to tax it and to protect non-smokers.

政府反对吸烟、抽税和保护不吸烟者绝对是正确的。

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In workers exposed to CTP and COV, there were no differences of SCE for smokers and nonsmokers ( P> 0 05).

沥青工、焦炉工中，吸烟者SCE（11.74）与不吸烟者SCE（10.97）间差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。

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The prevalence of periodontal disease is significantly more pronounced in smokers compared with non-smokers.

吸烟者较不吸烟者牙周炎的患病率高、病情重。

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Smokers have thinner skin than non-smokers.

吸烟者比不吸烟者皮肤更薄。

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The findings, conclude the researchers, suggest that low selenium levels may increase risk of ESCC and GCA, as well as EAC in women, never-smokers, and people with low antioxidant intakes.

研究人员得出结论，他们的研究表明低硒水平可能增加ESCC和GCA的风险，以及在女性、不吸烟者和抗氧化剂摄入量低的人群中EAC的风险。

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