One further complication over the past two years has been the discovery and rapid refinement of "induced pluripotent" stem cells.

Induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSCs) can self-renew and differentiate into almost all cell types in vitro and in vivo, which have great application potential in regenerative medicine and high vaule in theoretic research.

多能干细胞能够自我更新，能在体内外分化成几乎所有类型的细胞，在再生医学等方面有巨大的应用潜力，具有极高的理论研究价值。

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Currently, there are three types of human pluripotent stem cells available for study: embryonic stem cells ( ESCs), embryonic germ cells ( EGCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPS).

目前，人多能性干细胞包括三种类型：人胚胎干细胞（ESC）、人胚胎生殖细胞（EGC）和人诱导多能性干细胞（iPS）。

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Results showed that we only got induced pluripotent stem cells with goat ear fibroblasts feeder and there were no differences between treatments with different chemicals.

结果显示，只有山羊耳尖成纤维细胞饲养层条件下诱导得到iPS细胞，而不同化学物质处理对于iPS细胞的诱导没有起到明显效果。

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These induced pluripotent stem cells are cells which are returned to a very early, undifferentiated stage.

这些干细胞是早期的、未分化的细胞。

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Induced pluripotent stem cells are derived from somatic cells with defined transcriptional factors.

诱导性多能性干细胞是在体细胞中转入特定的转录因子诱导而来。

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The Application Prospect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Animal Husbandry Production

诱导多功能干细胞在畜牧业生产中应用的研究进展

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In SCID mice transplanted with hematopoietic progenitors derived from gene-corrected iPS cells, both levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells in peripheral blood recovered up to the normal levels rapidly after irradiation.

移植修复后iPS细胞来源的造血祖细胞的SCID小鼠在放射性照射后，其血红蛋白及红细胞水平能较快恢复到正常值，并产生出正常的人的β-珠蛋白。

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MEF dealt with by mitomycin C as the feeder layer can effectively stimulate the growth of hES cells and iPS cells, and promote stem cells to proliferate and maintain undifferentiated state.

丝裂霉素C处理过MEF作为饲养层，能有效的支持hES及iPS细胞生长，促进干细胞增殖同时维持其处于持未分化状态。

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Working with iPS cells in this way also gives information that should make it easier to develop embryonic stem cells ( ES cells) from pig or other ungulate embryos, said the researchers.

研究者认为通过这种方法制造干细胞使得从猪或其他偶蹄类动物胚胎中提取胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）更容易。

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Or have iPS cells ( induced pluripotent stem cells) simply added a new dimension to the legal, social and ethical debates that are an important and necessary part of stem-cell advances.

万能肝细胞的只是在法律，社会，伦理添加了新的问题，这也是干细胞发展的一个重要部分。

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The method and efficiency of differentiation were similar with normal mouse ESCs. Conclusions: This study supports that iPS cells can differentiate into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in vitro.

结论：小鼠iPS细胞能向内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞诱导分化，其分化潜能与小鼠胚胎干细胞相似。

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While iPS cells may be even further from commercialisation than embryonic stem cells as direct therapy for patients, there are more immediate applications for pluripotent cells in research and development.

虽然与胚胎干细胞相比，诱导多能性细胞距直接用于病人治疗的商业化更为遥远，但诱导多能性细胞在研究和开发中却有更直接的应用。

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According to differentiation of ES cells and iPS cells in vitro, various types of neural cells could be derived such as neural stem cells, functional neuron and glial.

由胚胎干细胞和与胚胎干细胞类似的多潜能性iPS细胞体外分化可以获得各种神经组织细胞（包括神经干细胞、神经元、神经胶质细胞等）。

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At present, it has been demonstrated that mammal iPS cells can be obtained safely by directly delivering the proteins of reprogramming factors to somatic cells.

目前，获得哺乳动物iPS细胞的最安全的途径是直接导入外源重编程因子的编码蛋白。

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However, every scientist working on iPS cells insists research on conventional embryonic stem cells, derived from surplus embryos after in vitro fertilisation treatment, must continue.

而每一位从事“诱导多能性”细胞研究的科学家都坚持认为，源自体外受精疗法多余胚胎的传统胚胎干细胞研究，必须继续。

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Without immune rejection and ethical issues, patient-specific iPS cells promise to be an ideal tool for regenerative medicine, drug screening, and toxicity testing.

患者特异性的诱导性多潜能干细胞将成为再生医学、药物筛选和毒理测试的理想工具。

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And cultures of iPS cells derived from patients promise to be an invaluable tool for studying the biochemistry of particular diseases and for developing treatments.

而源自病患的“诱导多能性”细胞培育，则有望成为特定疾病的生化研究及开发治疗的无价工具。

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We are still working with embryonic stem cells, because we understand them well, and are comparing them with iPS cells, says Dr Thomson.

我们仍在从事胚胎干细胞的研究，因为我们对它们有相当的理解，并将它们与诱导多能性细胞进行比较，汤姆森博士说。

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It demonstrates low concentration of NO could maintain the pluripotency of iPS cells and delay the iPS cells apoptosis without LIF in the medium.

表明低浓度NO可以维持iPS细胞的多能性，并可以延缓在无LIF条件下iPS细胞的凋亡作用，维持其自我更新。

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In the breakthrough project, they succeeded in generating the human iPS cells by putting the same four genes into human skin cells.

在这个具有突破性进展的项目里面，他们同样将四组基因导入人类皮肤细胞而成功地制得了人类诱导性全能细胞。

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