Doesn't it amaze you to realize that we can trace life back millions and millions of years ago to single-celled organisms floating around in the ocean?

From single cells to multicellular organisms, is a leap in the history of evolution, but the timing does not need a long period of time.

由单细胞生物到多细胞生物，是进化史上的一个飞跃，但在时间上并不需要漫长的岁月。

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How these single-celled organisms have evolved without males for an estimated 80m years – since the age of dinosaurs – has long puzzled scientists.

约8千万年来（自恐龙时期以来），这些单细胞生物是如何在没有雄性的情况下进化的呢？长期以来，这个问题一直困扰着科学家们。

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Many protective mechanisms of unicellular organisms were preserved in all cells of multi-cellular organisms, whereas others were preserved only in specialized cells.

许多单细胞生物的防御机制，在多细胞生物的所有细胞中保留下来，而其他机制仅存在于特化的细胞。

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Researchers had thought that only single-celled organisms such as prokaryotes and protozoa could live in the oxygen-deprived environments of the deepest ocean.

研究人过去一直认为，只有原核生物和原生生物这样的单细胞生物才能够在深海的缺氧环境中生存。

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Until now, only single-celled organisms, like bacteria and fungi, have been recovered from kilometres beneath the Earth's crust.

至今为止，只有类似于细菌和真菌之类的单细胞生物被人们从距离地壳几千公里的裂缝中发现。

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Everybody can, nobody seriously wants to, if he doesn't need this to make a decent living, though.

如果对人性的要求已经到了这种地步，等同于一般单细胞生物，什么怨恨和反感都不会发生。

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We founded that genes related to neurotransmitter inactivation share high and stable similarity in metazoan and absent from pan-unicellular eukaryotes.

我们发现与神经递质灭活相关的基因在后生动物中具有强而稳定的保守性而在单细胞生物中几乎完全缺失。

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Over the last decade, a multinucleated single-cell organism, called Physarum polycephalum, has aroused a great interest.

近10年来，一种名为多头绒泡菌的多核单细胞生物引起了众多科学家的兴趣，其智能行为也被广泛研究。

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It has long been assumed that bacteria are free-living, unicellular organisms until the phenomenon of bacterial quorum-sensing.

细菌的群体感应现象转变了人们长期以来认为细菌是自由生活的单细胞生物这种看法。

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Yeast is a single-celled organism and therefore less complex to study for initial screening purposes.

选择酵母是因为酵母是单细胞生物，便于研究。

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Research has shown that bacteria-among the simplest life forms on Earth-have a sense of smell.

嗅觉是动物的一个重要感官功能，而一项最新研究显示，细菌这种单细胞生物也有类似的“嗅觉”，它可以感知空气中的气味，并由此对周边环境做出判断。

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VIEWED from humanity's lofty heights, single-celled creatures are the scum of the earth.

从人类的高度来看，单细胞生物是地球上的浮渣。

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New research shows that many of these unicellular organisms can stand upright and walk.

新研究显示很多单细胞生物能够直立和行走。

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The oceans were full of life, but it was simple single-cellular life.

海洋里孕育着大量生命，但都是简单的单细胞生物。

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Five genome projects on single cell microbes have been finished in recent years.

近几年来五种单细胞生物的基因组计划得以完成。

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Life on this planet Earth evolved out of some very minute unicellular creatures.

地球上的生命是从一些很小的单细胞生物进化而来的。

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Most of them consist of only one cell.

他们中大部分是单细胞生物。

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as a very, very small single-cell creature,

这时你还是一个很小很小的单细胞生物，

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The Basic Outline of the Evolution of Single Cell Life-form

单细胞生物进化研究的进步

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What would a one-celled organism have to be embarrassed about?

单细胞生物会有什么需要感到羞耻的事啊？

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